APEH Absolutism Vocab Part 2

"sick man of Euroe"

Nickname of the Ottoman Empire in the 1800's and early 1900's as it
slowly declined as an European power.

Mongol Yoke

Term for the brutal 300 year period (1200's - 1400's) of Mongol feudal
rule over Russia. It left strong Asian influences on Russian culture.

Tsar

Title held by the ruling monarch of Russia.

autocracy

A state governed by a single absolute monarch who holds all power; it
is usually associated with Russia.

Boyar

Term that historically refers to the nobility of Russia.

serfs

One of the lower classes, they are rural, agricultural labor who are
bound to the land.

Romanov

The dynasty that ruled the state of Russia.

Kremlin

Massive fortress / palace complex in the heart of Moscow that is the
traditional center of the Russian government.

St. Petersburg

The city built in the early 1700's on the Baltic coast by Peter the Great
as a new capital city of Russia. It was the capital until the Russian
Revolution.

Sejm

The historic parliament of Poland. In the medieval period the Sejm
held the veto power over actions of the government. It led to national
paralysis.

constitutional monarchy

AKA limited monarchy
A form of government in which the monarch's powers are limited by
law.

republic(an)

Any government that does not have a crowned monarch as head of
state.

stadholder

Title held by the ruling official of a Dutch province, similar to a
governor.

East Indies

Geographic region of Southeast Asia that includes Indonesia.

stock market

A business enterprise in which the stocks of different companies are
bought, sold, and traded.

merchant marine

A country's shipping that is involved in trade, rather than military
activities.

finished goods

Products that have been produced from raw materials, thus increasing
their value.

commercial

A synonym for business.

joint-stock corporation

A business that sell shares to investors who then assume a
percentage of risk for a proportional share of any profits.

Magna Carta

Historic 1215 document signed by King John of England that placed
limits on the monarch's powers. It is a foundation of English freedom.

balanced polity

Term that refers to the division of governmental powers between the
monarch and the Parliament.

Petition of Right (1628)

A document drafted by the Parliament that restricted the monarch's
power in exchange for a payment of money. King Charles I signed the
Petition, accepted the money, and then refused to honor his word.

arbitrary

Something that is done without good reason, randomly.

quartering

In law, quartering is when a government forces people to houses
soldiers in their homes without any compensation.

martial law

This is a form of military control that is used to preserve order when a
government feels threatened.

renege

To go against a previous agreement, to break a promise.

tyranny

Oppressive, unjust, cruel government.

Eleven Years of Tyranny (1629 - 1640)

Term that refers to the period during which King Charles I ruled
England without Parliament. It culminated in the English Civil War.

Long Parliament (1640 - 1660)

Nickname for the Parliament that was seated in 1640 at the end of the
Eleven Years' of Tyranny. The Long Parliament was hostile to King
Charles I and met off and on for the next 20 years.

House of Lords

The "upper" house of the English Parliament. Lords is meant to be the
voice of the nobility in the government.

House of Commons

The "lower" house of the English Parliament. The Commons is meant
to represent the common people in the government.

Cavaliers

Nickname for supporters of Charles I during the English Civil War.

charismatic

Possessing a compelling charm that inspires devotion in others.

gentry

An English social class made up of wealthy, land-owning people who
are lower than the nobility in status.

Roundheads

Nickname for opponents of King Charles I in the English Civil War.