AP HuG Unit 2

Baby Boom A population explosion. Think of the boom when something explodes.

Brain Drain Relating to migration, the loss of highly educated or skilled people from a country as they leave. Think of people with “brains” going down the drain.

Brain Gain Relating to migration, the gain of highly educated or skilled people as they move into a country.

Chain Migration Migration that happens when people follow family members to another location. Think of people forming a chain and holding hands.

Concentration / Concentrated When something is focused or clustered in one area. Think of concentrating on one thing.

Arithmetic Density How crowded a place is. Total population divided by total land area.

Physiological Density How many people are being supported by farmable land. Total population divided by farmable land.

Agricultural Density How many farmers are working the farmable land. Number of agricultural workers divided by farmable land.

Dependency Ratio The ratio of dependents to the working-age population. Dependents include children under 15 and adults over 65. A lower ratio means more working-age adults are available to support dependents and services.

Doubling Time The amount of time it will take for a population to double.

Elderly Support Ratio The number of working-age people available to support each elderly person aged 65+. A higher ratio means more working-age individuals per elderly person and less pressure on the support system.

Emigration Exiting or leaving a place. Think: “E” = exiting.

Fertility Related to births and the ability to reproduce or produce offspring. Think of being fertile and able to grow or reproduce.

Guest Worker A person who temporarily lives in another country for work. Like a guest, they are expected to leave when their visa expires.

Immigration Moving into or entering a place. Think: “IM” = in/moving in.

Internally Displaced Person (IDP) A person who has been forced to move but remains within their own country.

Intervening Obstacle Something that gets in the way of migration from one place to another.

J Curve A graph shaped like a J that represents exponential population growth.

Life Expectancy The average number of years a person can be expected to live.

Maternal Related to mothers or pregnancy.

Mortality Related to deaths. Think of “mortal” beings, who can die.

Natalist Relating to births. “Natal” refers to birth.

Antinatalist A policy or approach that tries to prevent or reduce births. “Anti” means against.

Pronatalist A policy or approach that tries to encourage or promote births. “Pro” means support.

Natural Increase Rate (NIR) The rate at which a population changes due to births and deaths, excluding migration.

Negative Population Growth When a population is shrinking rather than growing.

Push Factor A reason that causes someone to leave their home and migrate somewhere else. Think of something pushing them out.

Pull Factor A reason that attracts someone to a new destination. Think of something pulling them in.

Population Pyramid Also called an age-sex graph. It shows the number or percentage of people in a country by age group and sex. Stage 1 and Stage 2 DTM populations often have pyramid or triangle shapes.

S Curve A graph shaped like an S that represents population growth that rises sharply and then levels off.

Step Migration Migration that happens in stages. Someone moves from Location A to Location B, stays there for a while, and then moves to Location C.

Zero Population Growth When a population is neither growing nor shrinking. The population stays the same.