Giles C

A physical therapist performs the Thessaly test to a patient with a suspected meniscal tear. This testing procedure would require the therapist to:

A. Passively medially rotate the patient's tibia and extend the knee

B. Cup the patient's heel and allow the knee to extend from a fully flexed position

C. Grasp the patient's hands in standing to promote balance

D. Passively flex and extend the patient's knee while feeling for "popping"

C. Grasp the patient's hands in standing to promote balance

A physician orders electromyography for a patient with a brachial plexus injury to objectively determine the extent of pathology. Which of the following responses is MOST indicative of a normal muscle at rest?

A. Electrical silence

B. Spontaneous potentials

C. Polyphasic potentials

D. Occasional motor unit potentials

A. Electrical silence

A patient being treated in physical therapy experiences a syncopal event. A review of the patient's medical record indicates that the patient has had oth diarrhea and vomiting within the last 24 hours. The MOST likely cause associated with the syncopal event is:

A. Anemia

B. Dehydration

C. Orthostatic hypotension

D. Pregnancy

B. Dehydration

A physical therapist prepares to treat a patient currently undergoing active treatment for an osteosarcoma. Which statement BEST describes this condition?

A. A malignant growth affecting the long bones

B. A malignant growth affecting the flat bones

C. A benign growth affecting the long bones

D. A benign growth affecting the flat bones

A. A malignant growth affecting the long bones

A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction. When observing the posterior aspect of the patient's lower leg and ankle in standing, the MOST probable finding is:

A. Forefoot adduction

B. Hindfoot valgus

C. Hypertrophy of the gastrocnemius

D. Swelling in the lateral ankle region

B. Hindfoot valgus

A physical therapist is informed that a patient was diagnosed with a Lisfranc injury after returning from a physician visit. The patient was originally diagnosed with a minor lateral ankle sprain, however, returned to the physician after falling to make progress. Which bone would be LEAST likely to be impacted with this type of injury?

A. Calcaneus

B. Cuboid

C. Second cuneiform

D. Navicular

A. Calcaneus

A physical therapist completes a sensory assessment on a 61- year-old female diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. As part of the assessment the therapist examines stereognosis, vibration, and two point discrimination. What type of receptor is primarily responsible for generating the necessary information?

A. Deep sensory receptors

B. Mechanoreceptors

C. Nociceptors

D. Thermoreceptors

B. Mechanoreceptors

A physical therapist completes a developmental assessment on an infant. At what age should an infant begin to sit with hand support for an extended period of time?

A. 6-7 months

B. 8-9 months

C. 10-11 months

D. 12-15 months

A. 6-7 months

A patient rehabilitating from congestive heart failure is examined in physical therapy. During the examination the patient begins to complain of pain. The MOST immediate physical therapist action is to:

A. Notify the nursing staff to administer pain medication

B. Contact the referring physician

C. Discontinue the treatment session

D. Ask the patient to describe the location and severity of the

pain

D. Ask the patient to describe the location and severity of the

pain

A patient demonstrates a significant loss of strength when trying to grasp a cup. However, the patient has much less difficulty when holding onto a pencil. This type of clinical scenario is consistend with pathology affective the:

A. Median nerve

B. Suprascapular nerve

C. Musculocutaneous nerve

D. Ulnar nerve

D. Ulnar nerve

A patient presents with ape hand deformity secondary to a peripheral nerve injury. Which of the following findings would MOST likely be noted on examination?

A. Decreased strength with thumb opposition

B. Fixed flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints

C. Fixed hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints

D. Wasting of the hypothenar eminence

A. Decreased strength with thumb opposition

A physical therapist reviews a research study that examines knee flexion range of motion two weeks following arthroscopic surgery. Assuming knee flexion range of motion is a normally distributed variable, what percentage of patients in the population would achieve a goniometric measurement value between the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?

A. 14%

B. 34%

C. 48%

D. 68%

B. 34%

An entry in a patient's medical record indicates that the patient has recently received viscosupplementation. This type of procedure is MOST commonly performed to treat:

A. Arrhythmias

B. Bursitis

C. Osteoarthritis

D. Spasticity

C. Osteoarthritis

A patient recently visited a podiatrist and was told to purchase a heel lift for one of their shoes. Which condition would be LEAST likely to benefit from the use of the heel lift?

A. True leg length discrepancy

B. Achilles tendonitis

C. Achilles tendon repair

D. Calcaneal bone spur

D. Calcaneal bone spur

A physical therapist collects data as part of a preseason athletic screening program designed to identify individuals susceptible to heat illness. Which of the following measures would be the MOST valuable to collect?

A. Heat

B. Weight

C. Percent body fat

D. Vital capacity

C. Percent body fat

A physical therapist employed in an acute care hospital works with a patient on bed mobility activities. The therapist would like to incorporate a strengthening activity for the hip extensors that will improve the patient's ability to independently reposition in bed, however, the patient does not have adequate strength to perform bridging. The MOST appropriate exercise activity is:

A. Anterior pelvic tilts

B. Heel slides

C. Straight leg raises

D. Isometric gluteal sets

D. Isometric gluteal sets

A patient with a transtibial amputation is performing gait training. After 15 minutes of training, the patellar tendon bearing prosthesis is removed and the skin is inspected. Redness is noted on multiple areas of the residual limb. Which area of redness would be the GREATEST concern?

A. Patellar tendon

B. Fibular shaft

C. Gastrocnemius muscle

D. Distal anterior tibia

D. Distal anterior tibia

A physical therapist uses a self-care assessment to examine change over time in rehabilitation programs. The assessment uses a seven point scale to examine 18 items. The collected information is based on observations of patient performance. This type of assessment MOST closely describes the:

A. Functional Independence Measure

B. Functional Status Index

C. Physical Self-Maintenance Scale

D. Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living

A. Functional Independence Measure

A physical therapist working on a pulmonary rehabilitation unit works with a patient on therapeutic positioning. The patient has experienced a lengthy inpatient hospitalization and was only recently referred to physical therapy. The patient has significant weakness of the diaphragm and is hypertensive. The MOST appropriate patient position to initiate treatment is:

A. Decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to pneumonia

B. Decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to active tuberculosis

C. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to pneumonia

D. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis

D. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis

A physical therapist works with a patient who is HIV positive and has been admitted to an acute care hospital for a course of intravenous antibiotics. The patient's medical record states that he has had a persistent cough producing bloody sputum for four weeks and that airborne precautions should be observed. The MOST likely rationale for this level of precaution is to:

A. Decrease the risk of exposing the ummunocompromissed patient to pneumonia

B. Decrease the risk of exposing the immunocompromised patient to active tuberculosis

C. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to pneumonia

D. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis

D. Decrease the risk of staff and visitor exposure to active tuberculosis

A physical therapist determines that a patient's cadence is 120 steps per minute. How long would it take the patient to complete 120 full strides?

A. 30 seconds

B. 60 seconds

C. 120 seconds

D. 240 seconds

C. 120 seconds

A patient is referred to physical therapy with a diagnosis of temporomandibular joint pain. After completing the examination, the physical therapist suspects that the patient may actually be experiencing referred visceral pain. Which organ is MOST likely involved?

A. Heart

B. Liver

C. Diaphragm

D. Pancreas

A. Heart

A physical therapist reviews risk factors for the development of pressure ulcers. Which patient would be MOST at risk for a pressure ulcer?

A. A 55-year-old Caucasian male with diabetes

B. A 60-year-old African American female with a C7 spinal cord injury

C. An 80-year-old African American male with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

D. A 65-year-old Caucasian female status post total knee arthroplasty

B. A 60-year-old African American female with a C7 spinal cord injury

A physical therapist treats a patient wearing a shoe that incorporates a rocker bottom. This type of modification would be the MOST beneficial for a patient diagnosed with:

A. Achilles tendonitis

B. Hallux rigidus

C. Plantar fasciitis

D. Posterior tibial tendonitis

B. Hallux rigidus

A patient following total hip arthroplasty using a posterolateral surgical approach experiences hip instability. Which finding would BEST explain the reason for the instability?

A. Trabecular bone erosion

B. Femoral nerve paralysis

C. Posterior capsule damage

D. Hip abductor weakness

C. Posterior capsule damage

A 68-year-old male is referred to physical therapy after being diagnosed with primary osteoarthritis. The associated articular changes are MOST likely attributed to:

A. Age-related changes

B. Trauma from previous injuries

C. Congenital bony abnormalities

D. Underlying inflammatory processes

A. Age-related changes

A patient with diabetes insipidus is being treated with exogenous administration of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which potential side effect of ADH is MOST likely?

A. Increased blood pressure

B. Decreased blood pressure

C. Hypovolemia

D. Constipation

A. Increased blood pressure

A physical therapist reviews a patient's medical record and identifies an entry that indicates the patient was recently prescribed an emetic agent. The PRIMARY purpose of this pharmacological agent is to:

A. Promote defecation

B. Induce vomiting

C. Minimize gastrointestinal irritation

D. Reduce diarrhea

B. Induce vomiting

A 48-year-old female patient is referred to physical therapy after being diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome. As part of the session, the patient describes a number of exercises that she was instructed to perform by her personal trainer. Which exercise would likely be the MOST problematic?

A. Terminal knee extension in standing

B. Mini-squats from 0-30 degrees of knee flexion

C. Long arc quads from 0-45 degrees of knee flexion

D. Quadriceps setting in terminal knee extension in supine.

C. Long arc quads from 0-45 degrees of knee flexion

A patient with a T3 spinal cord injury exercising on a treatment table in supine begins to exhibit signs and symptoms of autonomic dysreflexia including a dramatic increase in blood pressure. The MOST immediate action to address the patient's blood pressure response is to:

A. Elevate the patient's legs

B. Call for assistance

C. Sit the patient upright

D. Check the urinary drainage system

C. Sit the patient upright

A patient rehabilitating from a traumatic head injury is lethargic since being placed on Phenobarbital. The PRIMARY purpose of the medication is to:

A. Decrease agitation

B. Prevent seizures

C. Reduce spasticity

D. Limit arrhythmia

B. Prevent seizures

A patient with a transtibial amputation ambulates in the physical therapy gym. The paptient exhibits an extended knee throughout early stance phase on the prosthetic side. The MOST appropriate action to resolve the patient's difficulty is:

A. Plantar flex the foot

B. Soften the heel wedge

C. Move the foot anteriorly

D. Dorsiflex the foot

D. Dorsiflex the foot

A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with carpal tunnel syndrome. As part of the examination the therapist assesses end-feel. The therapist classifies the end-feel associated with wrist extension as firm. The MOST logical explanation is:

A. Tension in the dorsal radiocarpal ligament and the dorsal

joint capsule

B. Contact between the ulna and the carpal bones

C. Contact between the radius and the carpal bones

D. Tension in the palmar radiocarpal ligament and the palmar

joint capsule.

D. Tension in the palmar radiocarpal ligament and the palmar

joint capsule.

A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with patellofemoral syndrome. As part of the examination the therapist elects to measure the patient's Q angle. Which three bony landmarks are used to measure the Q angle?

A. Anterior superior iliac spine, superior border of the patella, tibial tubercle

B. Anterior superior iliac spine, midpoint of the patella, tibial tubercle

C. Anterior superior iliac spine, inferior border of the patella, midpoint of the patella tendon

D. Greater trochanter, midpoint of the patella, tibial tubercle

B. Anterior superior iliac spine, midpoint of the patella, tibial tubercle

A physical therapist positions a patient as shown prior to testing for clonus, The MOST appropriate action to complete the test is: (Refer to Question 35 for image)

A. Provide a quick stretch to the plantar flexors

B. Provide a quick stretch to the dorsiflexors

C. Provide a quick stretch to the extending the knee

D. Provide a quick stretch to the the knee.

A. Provide a quick stretch to the plantar flexors

A physical therapist examines a patient with multidirectional instability fo the shoulder. Which position would be the MOST appropriate when assessing posterior instability of the shoulder?

A. Abduction to 90 degrees with neutral rotation

B. Abduction to 90 degrees with full external rotation

C. Flexion to 90 degrees with full internal rotation

D. Arm at the side in neutral rotation

C. Flexion to 90 degrees with full internal rotation

A physical therapist employed in a busy outpatient orthopedic clinic attempts to determine a schedule for calibration and maintenance of an ultrasound unit. The MOST important factor for the therapist to consider when determining an appropriate schedule is:

A. Beam nonuniformity ration

B. Frequency of use

C. Cost associated with calibration and maintenance

D. Availability of qualified personnel to inspect the unit

B. Frequency of use

A physical therapist positions a patient as shown in order to assess their claim of complete paresis of the right lower extremity. The therapist instructs the patient to perform a rapid straight leg raise with their left lower extremity. Which finding would BEST dispute the patient's claim? (Refer to question 38 for image)

A. The patient is unable to lift their left heel from the therapist's hand

B. The patient experiences radiating pain into the right lower extremity.

C. The patient exerts a downward force into the therapist's hand with their right heel.

D. The patient reports severe pain while performing the straight leg raise

C. The patient exerts a downward force into the therapist's hand with their right heel.

A patient is treated using pulsed wave ultrasound at 1.2 W/cm2 for seven minutes. The specific parameters of the pulsed wave are 2 msec on time and 8msec off time for one pulse period. The duty cycle should be recorded as:

A. 10%

B. 20%

C. 25%

D. 50%

B. 20%

A physical therapist examines the output form a single lead electrocardiogram of a patient with first degree atrioventricular hear block. The defining characteristic of this condition is a/an:

A. Inverted T wave

B. Prolonged PR interval

C. Bizarre QRS complex

D. ST segment depression

B. Prolonged PR interval

A patient diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis exhibits a forward stooped posture. As part of the patient's care plan the physical therapist selects a number of active exercises that promote improved posture. Which proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern would be the MOST appropriate to achieve the therapist's objective?

A. D1 extension

B. D1 flexion

C. D2 extension

D. D2 flexion

D. D2 flexion

A physical therapist completing a balance assessment positions a patient in standing prior to administering the Romberg test. When administering the Romberg test it would be MOST important for the therapist to determine:

A. The width of the base of support necessary in order to maintain standing

B. The amount of time the patient is able to maintain the test position

C. The amount of sway present during the testing period

D. The complexity of tasks the patient is able to perform with eyes open and eyes closed

C. The amount of sway present during the testing period

A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient diagnosed with peripheral arterial disease prior to initiating treatment. Which objective finding would MOST severely limit the patient's ability to participate in an ambulation exercise program?

A. Signs of resting claudication

B. Decreased peripheral pulses

C. Cool skin

D. Blood pressure of 165/90 mm Hg

A. Signs of resting claudication

A seven-year-old boy sitting in the physical therapy waiting area suddenly grasps his throat and appears to be in distress. The boy slowly stands, but is obviously unable to breathe. The physical therapist recognizing the signs of an airway obstruction should administer:

A. Abdominal thrusts

B. Chest thrusts

C. Rescue breathing

D. Finger sweep

A. Abdominal thrusts

A patient reports significant discomfort in the lower leg during ultrasound treatment. The therapist believes the discomfort is caused by periosteal pain from the ultrasound. Which scenario is MOST likely associated with the patient's subjective report of discomfort?

A. An ultrasound unit with a high beam nonuniformity ratio

B. An ultrasound unit with a low beam nonuniformity ratio

C. A transducer with a large effective radiating area

D. A transducer with a small effective radiating area

A. An ultrasound unit with a high beam nonuniformity ratio

A physical therapist participates in a research study that examines body composition as a function of aerobic exercise and diet. Which method of data collection would provide the physical therapist with the MOST valid measurement of body composition?

A. Anthropometric measurements

B. Bioelectrical impedance

C. Hydrostatic weighing

D. Skinfold measurements

C. Hydrostatic weighing

A physical therapist reviews the surgical report of a patient that sustained extensive burns in a fire. The report indicates that at the time of primary excision, cadaver skin was utilized to close the wound. This type of graft is termed:

A. Allograft

B. Autograft

C. Heterograft

D. Xenograft

A. Allograft

A patient classifies the intensity of exercise as a 16 using Borg's (20-point) Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale. This classification BEST corresponds to:

A. 40 percent of the maximum heart rate range

B. 60 percent of the maximum heart rate range

C. 70 percent of the maximum heart rate range

D. 85 percent of the maximum heart rate range

D. 85 percent of the maximum heart rate range

A male patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity injury is referred to physical therapy for gait analysis. The physical therapist begins the session by observing the patient at free speed walking. The normal degree of toe-out at this speed is:

A. 3 degrees

B. 7 degrees

C. 14 degrees

D. 21 degrees

B. 7 degrees

A patient diagnosed with patellofemoral syndrome discusses his past medical history with a physical therapist. The patient reports having anterior ruciate ligament reconstruction surgery on his right knee two years ago, however, the therapist is not able to identify a scar over the anterior surface of the right knee. Assuming the surgeon utilized an autograft for the reconstruction, which of the following would be the MOST likely graft site?

A. Semitendinosus and semimembranosus

B. Semitendinosus and gracilis

C. Semimembranosus and gracilis

D. Semitendinosus and biceps femoris

B. Semitendinosus and gracilis

A physical therapist observes the gait of a child with spastic cerebral palsy. The therapist notes that the child exhibits excessive lordosis during ambulation. Which surgical procedure would BEST address this postural deformity?

A. Hamstring tendon lengthening

B. Adductor longus tendon lengthening

C. Iliopsoas tendon lengthening

D. Lumbar laminectomy

C. Iliopsoas tendon lengthening

A physical therapist completes a series of resisted movements on a patient with a lower extremity injury. The patient denies pain initially, but complains of increasing pain after performing a number of repetitions. This scenario is MOST consistent with:

A. Complete rupture of a tendon

B. Intermittent claudication

C. Ligamentous laxity

D. Emotional hypersensitivity

B. Intermittent claudication

A physical therapist treats a patient with right medial epicondylitis. When positioning the patient's ulnohumeral joint in the loose packed position, the therapist should allow for:

A. Full extension

B. 70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination

C. 70 degrees flexion, 35 degrees supination

D. Full extension, full supination

B. 70 degrees flexion, 10 degrees supination

Members of a community health task force evaluate a proposal for a new adolescent screening program. Several members of the task force raise questions as to the validity of the screening instrument. Which measure of validity examines the instruments's ability to identify diseased persons by comparing true positives?

A. Adaptability

B. Selectivity

C. Sensitivity

D. Specificity

C. Sensitivity

A physical therapist attempts to quantify a patient's endurance level by administering a maximal exercise test. What is the PRIMARY limitation of a maximal exercise test?

A. Maximal exercise testing requires participants to exercise to the point of volitional fatigue

B. Maximal exercise testing does not typically allow a steady state heart rate at each work rate.

C. Maximal exercise testing is not useful in diagnosing coronary artery disease.

D. Maximal exercise testing requires progressive stages of increasing work intensities without rest intervals.

A. Maximal exercise testing requires participants to exercise to the point of volitional fatigue

A physical therapist prepares to complete a sensory examination on a patient rehabilitating from a lower extremity burn. Which of the following would serve as the BEST predictor of altered sensation?

A. Presence of a skin graft

B. Depth of burn injury

C. Percentage of body surface affected

D. Extent of hypertrophic scarring

B. Depth of burn injury

A physical therapist would like to minimize the likelihood of a burn when using iontophoresis. Which action would be the MOST consistent with the therapist' objective?

A. Increase the size of the cathode relative to the anode

B. Decrease the space between the electrodes

C. Increase the current intensity

D. Decrease the moisture of the electrodes.

A. Increase the size of the cathode relative to the anode

A physical therapist reviews a patient coverage form that lists the parameters used during a recent ultrasound treatment to the right anterior shoulder: 1.5 W/cm2, pulsed 20%, 1 MHz, 6 minutes. Assuming the objective of the ultrasound was to increase tissue temperature, which parameter would be the MOST critical for the therapist to alter?

A. Time

B. Duty cycle

C. Frequency

D. Intensity

B. Duty cycle

A physical therapist attempts to assess the integrity of the vestibulocochlear nerve by administering the Rinne test on a patient with a suspected upper motor neuron lesion. After striking the tine of the tuning fork to begin vibration, which bony prominence should the therapist utilize to position the stem of the tuning fork?

A. Midline of the skull

B. Occipital protuberance

C. Inion

D. Mastoid process

D. Mastoid process

A physical therapist prepares to apply a topical antibiotic to a small portion of the upper arm of a patient with a deep partial- thickness burn. When applying the topical antibiotic, the therapist should utilize which form of medical asepsis?

A. Gloves

B. Sterile gloves

C. Sterile gloves, gown

D. Sterile gloves, gown, mask

B. Sterile gloves

A physical therapist examines a patient with coordination deficits presenting with excessive involuntary and extraneous movements including hemiballismus. This clinical presentation is MOST consistent with damage to the:

A. Cerebellum

B. Basal ganglia

C. Frontal lobe

D. Medulla oblongata

B. Basal ganglia

A patient with Addison's disease suffers from fatigue and extreme weight loss. The MOST likely cause of this patient's symptoms is:

A. Decreased production of cortisol

B. Hyperfunction of the thyroid gland

C. Decreased absorption of nutrients within the intestines

D. Hyperfunction of the adrenal gland

A. Decreased production of cortisol

A physical therapist observes a patient complete a standing arm curl with a dumbbell using the starting and ending positions shown in the image. Which scenario would produce the MOST power? (Refer to question 63 for image)

A. A 2 pound dumbbell lifted in two seconds

B. A 2 pound dumbbell lifted in three seconds

C. A 4 pound dumbbell lifted in one second

D. A 4 pound dumbbell lifted in four seconds

C. A 4 pound dumbbell lifted in one second

A physical therapist examines a patient with a suspected injury to the thoracodorsal nerve. Which objective finding would be consistent with this injury?

A. Shoulder medial rotation weakness

B. Shoulder extension weakness

C. Paralysis of the rhomboids

D. Paralysis of the diaphragm

B. Shoulder extension weakness

A physical therapist works with a patient using a flotation device positioned vertically in the deep end of a pool. Which area of the patient's body would experience the GREATEST amount of hydrostatic pressure?

A. Shoulders

B. Torso

C. Hips

D. Feet

D. Feet

A physical therapist prepares to treat a patient two days following total hip arthroplasty using a posterolateral surgical approach. Which muscle experiences the GREATEST trauma with this surgical procedure?

A. Gluteus maximus

B. Gluteus medius

C. Piriformis

D. Vastus lateralis

A. Gluteus maximus

A physical therapist completes an examination on a patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Results of the examination include 4/5 strength in the lower extremities, 10 degree flexion contracture at the hips, and exaggerated forward standing posture. The patient has difficulty initiating movement and requires manual assistance for gait on level surfaces. The MOST appropriate activity to incorporate into a home program is:

A. Prone lying

B. Progressive relaxation exercises

C. Lower extremity resistive exercises with ankle weights

D. Postural awareness exercises in standing

A. Prone lying

The medical record indicates a patient has been diagnosed with chronic respiratory alkalosis. The MOST consistent laboratory finding with this condition is:

A. Elevated arterial blood pH. Low PaCO2

B. Low arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2

C. Elevated arterial blood pH, elevated PaCO2

D. Low arterial blood pH, low PaCO2

A. Elevated arterial blood pH. Low PaCO2

A patient involved in a motor vehicle accident sustains a proximal fibula fracture. The fracture damaged the motor component of the ommon peroneal nerve. Ankle dorsiflexion and eversion are tested as 2/5. The MOST appropriate intervention to assist the patient with activities of daily living would be:

A. Electrical stimulation

B. Orthosis

C. Exercise program

D. Aquatic program

B. Orthosis

A physical therapist instructs a patient with pulmonary pathology in energy conservation techniques. Which of the following techniques would be the MOST effective when assisting a patient to complete a selected activity without dyspnea?

A. Diaphragmatic breathing

B. Pacing

C. Pursed-lip breathing

D. Ventilator muscle training

B. Pacing

During an examination, a physical therapist notes a yellow discoloration of the patient's skin and sclera of the eye. This discoloration would be LEAST likely observed with:

A. Cholecystitis

B. Ulcerative colitis

C. Pancreatitis

D. Hepatitis

B. Ulcerative colitis

A physical therapist consults with the teacher of a nine-year-old child with dyspraxia. Which of the following school-based activities would be the MOST challenging for the child?

A. Maintaining upright sitting posture in a classroom chair

B. Negotiating a crowded halfway between classrooms

C. Opening and closing a locker

D. Writing their name

B. Negotiating a crowded halfway between classrooms

A physical therapist works with a nine-year-old child with Down syndrome. The therapist determines that the patient has abnormalities in muscular tone consistent with the diagnosed condition. Which technique would be the MOST beneficial when treating the patient's tone

abnormalities?

A. Quick stretch

B. Deep pressure

C. Prolonged icing

D. Neutral warmth

A. Quick stretch

A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the femoral condyle. Which patient profile if MOST typical with this medical condition?

A. A 42-year-old female with osteonecrosis fo the lateral femoral condyle

B. A 64-year-old female with osteonecrosis fo the medial femoral condyle

C. A 46-year-old male with osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyle

D. A 68-year-old male with osteonecrosis of the lateral femoral condyle

B. A 64-year-old female with osteonecrosis fo the medial femoral condyle

A physical therapist employed in a rehabilitation hospital treats a patient status post traumatic brain injury. During the treatment session the therapist notices that the patient's toes are discolored below a bivalved lower extremity cast. The cast was applied approximately five hours ago in an attempt to reduce a plantar flexion contracture. The MOST appropriate therapist action is to:

A. Discontinue the use of the anterior portion of the cast

B. Contact the staff nurse and request that the cast is removed

C. Refer the patient to an orthoptist

D. Remove the cast

D. Remove the cast

A physical therapist treats a patient rehabilitating from a traumatic brain injury by applying approximation to the pelvis to increase bilateral lower extremity weight bearing. The patient exhibits significant hypertonicity and the presence of the positive support reflex. The therapist is MOST likely using the therapeutic ball to: (Refer to Question 76 for image)

A. Avoid a mass extensor pattern in standing

B. Encourage active assistive range of motion

C. Allow the patient partial weight bearing through the ball

D. Limit range of motion at the shoulder

A. Avoid a mass extensor pattern in standing

A physical therapist asks a patient who has been inconsistent with his attendance in physical therapy, why he is having difficulty keeping scheduled appointments. The patient responds that it is difficult to understand the scheduling card that lists the appointments. The therapist's MOST appropriate action would be to:

A. Contact the referring physician to discuss the patient's poor attendance in therapy

B. Make sure the patient is given a scheduling card at the conclusion of each session.

C. Write down the patient's appointments on a piece of paper in a manner that the patient can understand

D. Discharge the patient from physical therapy.

C. Write down the patient's appointments on a piece of paper in a manner that the patient can understand

A physical therapist treats a patient status post right cerebrovascular accident with resultant left hemiplegia for a colleague on vacation. A note left by the primary therapist indicates that the patient exhibits "pusher syndrome." When examining the patient's sitting posture, which of the following findings would be MOST likely?

A. Sitting with increased lean to the left along with increased weight bearing through the left buttocks

B. Sitting with increased lean to the right along with increased weight bearing through the right buttocks

C. Sitting with increased weight bearing through the right buttocks and the head rotated to the right; unresponsive to stimuli on the left

D. Sitting with unequal weight bearing and the head rotated to the left; unresponsive to stimuli on the right

A. Sitting with increased lean to the left along with increased weight bearing through the left buttocks

A physical therapist working in a school system develops long- term goals as part of an individualized Educational Plan for a child with Down syndrome. The MOST appropriate timeframe to attain these goals is:

A. One month

B. Four months

C. Six months

D. One year

D. One year

A two-year-old with T10 spina bifida receives physical therapy for gait training. Initially, the preferred method to teach a child how to maintain standing is with the use of:

A. Bilateral hip-knee-ankle-foot orthoses (HKAFO) and forearm crutches

B. Parapodium and the parallel bars

C. Bilateral knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFO) and the parallel bars

D. Bilateral ankle-foot orthoses (AFO) and the parallel bars

B. Parapodium and the parallel bars

A physical therapist works on weight shifting activities with a patient sitting over the edge of a mat table with their feet positioned on the floor. The therapist facilitates an anterior weight shift through facilitation of the pelvis. What pattern of activity would be required for the patient to maintain an upright posture?

A. Spinal extension resulting from concentric contraction of the spinal extensors

B. Spinal flexion resulting from concentric contraction of the spinal flexors

C. Spinal extension resulting from eccentric contraction of the spinal extensors

D. Spinal flexion resulting from eccentric contraction of the spinal flexors

A. Spinal extension resulting from concentric contraction of the spinal extensors

A physical therapist observes a patient running on a treadmill at an intensity of approximately 75% of their estimated maximum oxygen consumption. What is the PRIMARY source for the adenosine triphosphase (ATP) produced during this activity?

A. Amino acids

B. Carbohydrates

C. Fats

D. Proteins

B. Carbohydrates

A physical therapist examines several pathological reflexes on a patient with a suspected upper motor neuron disease. Which stimulus would be the MOST appropriate when assessing Hoffman's reflex?

A. Tapping the nail of the middle finger

B. Stroking the inner thigh

C. Stroking the plantar aspect of the foot

D. Rapidly dorsiflexing the foot

A. Tapping the nail of the middle finger

A physical therapist attempts to assess the integrity of the L4 spinal level. Which deep tendon reflex would provide the therapist with the MOST useful information?

A. Lateral hamstrings reflex

B. Medial hamstrings reflex

C. Patellar reflex

D. Achilles reflex

C. Patellar reflex

A patient receiving physical therapy services in an outpatient clinic explains that he has felt nauseous since having his methotrexate medication level altered. The MOST appropriate physical therapist action is to:

A. Explain to the patient that nausea is very common when altering medication levels

B. Ask the patient to stop taking the prescribed medication

C. Request that the patient make an appointment with the physician

D. Request that the patient contact the physician's office

D. Request that the patient contact the physician's office

A physical therapist examines a patient diagnosed with cerebellar degeneration. Which of the following clinical findings is NOT typically associated with this condition?

A. Athetosis

B. Dysmetria

C. Nystagmus

D. Dysdiadochokinesia

A. Athetosis

A physical therapist examines a 36-year-old female referred to physical therapy after experiencing back pain two weeks ago. The patient identifies the majority of pain in the buttock and lateral thigh and denies any referred pain down the posterior leg. Presently she rates the pain as a "3" on a 0-10 scale, however, indicates that the pain is a "6" or a "7" during activity or at night. This description MOST closely resembles:

A. Sacroillitis

B. Iliolumbar syndrome

C. Piriformis syndrome

D. Trochanteric bursitis

D. Trochanteric bursitis

A physical therapist treats a patient with a suspected rupture of the patellar tendon. Which objective finding would be MOST indicative of this condition?

A. Marked tenderness along the anterior surface of the knee joint

B. Inability to actively extend the knee against gravity

C. Limited ability to complete range of motion due to hemarthrosis

D. Resistive isometrics are strong and painful for knee extension.

B. Inability to actively extend the knee against gravity

A patient experiences a proximal humerus fracture that is non- displaced. Which clinical finding would provide the BESt support for the patient being cleared to perform active-assisted exercise?

A. Hematoma formation

B. Diminished pain

C. Callus formation

D. Remodeling

C. Callus formation

A physical therapist reviews the medical record of a patient recently admitted to the intensive care unit. A note from the patient's physician indicates an order for arterial blood gas analysis six times daily. Which type of indwelling line would be used to collect the necessary samples?

A. Intravenous line

B. Arterial line

C. Central venous line

D. Pulmonary artery line

B. Arterial line

A physical therapist examines a patient with a suspected lesion of the common fibular nerve. Which objective finding would be the MOST useful to rule out the possibility of a sciatic nerve lesion?

A. Inability to actively dorsiflex the foot

B. Preservation of the Achilles reflex

C. Presence of a steppage gait

D. Weakness of the quadriceps muscle

B. Preservation of the Achilles reflex

A 16-year-old male patient sprained his thumb in a volleyball game five weeks ago and continues to have decreased range of motion with carpometacarpal abduction. What joint mobilization technique would the therapist use to increase carpometacarpal abduction?

A. Medial glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium.

B. Lateral glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium

C. Anterior glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium

D. Posterior glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium

D. Posterior glide of the first metacarpal on the trapezium

A physical therapist works with a 75-year-old female patient following a bone marrow transplant. The patient's platelet count is 25,000 cells/mm3. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate?

A. Log roll training and breathing exercises

B. Progressive resistive exercises and infection control

C. Bicycling and lower extremity stretching

D. Patient education on fall prevention and progressive ambulation

D. Patient education on fall prevention and progressive ambulation

A physical therapist treats a six-year-old child with cerebral palsy classified at Level V using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Recommendations from the physical therapist will MOST likely include:

A. Orthoses and assistive devices for community ambulation

B. Orthoses and assistive devices for household ambulation

C. Standing frame and orthoses and/or assistive devices for

household ambulation

D. Standing frame and wheelchair for community ambulation

D. Standing frame and wheelchair for community ambulation

A patient four weeks status post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction questions a physical therapist as to why he is still partial weight bearing. An acceptable rationale is:

A. The patient does not have full active knee extension

B. The patient has good quadriceps strength

C. The patient has fair hamstrings strength

D. The patient has diminished superficial cutaneous sensation

A. The patient does not have full active knee extension

A physical therapist assesses several superficial reflexes as part of a neurological examination. Which grading system is MOST appropriate when recording the obtained results?

A. Present, absent

B. Ordinal scale from 0-4+

C. Hypoactive, normal, hyperactive

D. Zero, trace, poor, fair, good, normal

A. Present, absent

A physical therapist treats a patient diagnosed with myasthenia gravis. Based on the diagnosis, which of the following tests would MOST likely be abnormal?

A. Coordination testing

B. Sensory testing

C. Deep tendon reflex testing

D. Endurance testing

D. Endurance testing

A patient rehabilitating from a CVA requires an orthosis due to occasional dragging of the toe during swing phase. The patient presents with weakness of the dorsiflexors and has good medial/lateral stability at the ankle. The MOST appropriate option for the patient is:

A. Solid ankle-foot orthosis

B. Tone reducing foot orthosis

C. Posterior leaf spring orthosis

D. Custom articulating ankle-foot orthosis with anterior trim lines

C. Posterior leaf spring orthosis

A physical therapist works with a 55-year-old male who was in good health prior to being diagnosed with Gullain-Barre syndrome two weeks ago. The patient was referred to outpatient physical therapy after a seven-day hospitalization. Which of the following symptoms would result in the LEAST favorable prognosis for this patient?

A. Weakness that begins in the lower extremities

B. Loss of sensation throughout the extremities

C. Respiratory impairment

D. Bladder dysfunction

C. Respiratory impairment

A physical therapist completes a family training session with a patient rehabilitating from a spinal cord injury. During the training the patient asks a question regarding their functional ability following rehabilitation. The MOST appropriate therapist response is to:

A. Explain that it is difficult to predict since all patients progress differently

B. Provide information on the expected prognosis based on the nature and severity of the injury

C. Refer the patient to the director of rehabilitation

D. Refer the patient to the physiatrist

B. Provide information on the expected prognosis based on the nature and severity of the injury