Meiosis and Genetic Variation Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering meiosis, genetic variation, and the specific phases of meiosis I and II based on lecture notes.

Meiosis

Cell division that produces four haploid sex cells, each with half the original number of chromosomes.

Meiosis I

The first division of meiosis, when homologous chromosomes separate.

Meiosis II

The second division of meiosis, when sister chromatids separate.

Crossing Over

When homologous chromosomes exchange pieces of DNA, creating genetic variation.

Homologous Chromosomes

A pair of chromosomes that have the same genes in the same locations, with one inherited from each parent.

Diploid

A cell containing two complete sets of chromosomes.

Haploid

A cell containing one complete set of chromosomes.

Gamete

A reproductive cell, such as a sperm or egg, containing half the normal number of chromosomes.

Fertilization

The joining of a sperm and egg to form a zygote.

Zygote

The first cell formed when a sperm and egg join.

Daughter Cell

A new cell produced when a parent cell divides.

Mother Cell (Parent Cell)

The original cell that divides to produce new cells.

Variation

Differences in traits among individuals in a population.

Mitosis

Cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells.

Prophase I

Homologous chromosomes pair up, and crossing over can occur.

Metaphase I

Homologous chromosome pairs line up in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase I

Homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides.

Telophase I

Chromosomes reach opposite sides, and the cell divides.

Prophase II

Chromosomes prepare for the second division.

Metaphase II

Chromosomes line up in the middle of each cell.

Anaphase II

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides.

Telophase II

New nuclei form, resulting in four haploid cells.