AP ES Unit 1

Summer Earth

________ is closest to the sun in the Northern Hemisphere during.

summer

Earth is closest to the sun in the Northern Hemisphere during _______

carbon dioxide

Burning fossil fuels coupled with deforestation increases the amount of _________ in the atmosphere.

nitrogen fixation

In the ________________ cycle, cyanobacteria in the soil and water and Rhizobium bacteria in root systems are responsible for converting nitrogen and hydrogen gas to ammonia.

phosphorus

_________________ is not being added to the environment by burning coal and fossil fuels.

photosynthesis

The primary biological process that removes carbon from the atmosphere and moves it to the biosphere is _______________.

taiga

Forests of cold climates of high latitudes and high altitudes.

savanna

Warm year-round; prolonged dry seasons; scattered trees.

taiga

Low biodiversity due to lots of shade, which limits food for herbivores. Major resource for timber.

taiga

The darker shaded areas in the map are known as

biomes

As one travels from the tropical rainforests near the equator to the frozen tundra, one passes through a variety of _____________ including deserts, temperate and deciduous forests, etc. The primary reason for the change in vegetation is due to changes in temperature and amount of rainfall.

rainfall

Whether a land area supports a deciduous forest or grassland depends primarily on consistency of _____________ from year to year and the effect that it has on fires.

specialist

A ____________ faces greater competition for resources and has less ability to adapt to environmental changes. A generalist faces less competition for resources and has greater ability to adapt to environmental changes.

estuaries

Net primary productivity per square meter is highest in which biome? estuaries or tundra?

Brazil

Where on earth might we find this yearly climatograph?(Hint: mordekaiser)

Finland

Where on earth might we find this yearly climatograph?(Hint: Fin)

New Zealand

Where on earth might we find this yearly climatograph?(Hint: tf2 Sniper)

Japan

Where on earth might we find this yearly climatograph?(hint: anime)

temperate deciduous forest

Which biome is best represented by the pink areas on the map?

tropical rain forest

Which biome is best represented by the green areas on the map?

tundra

____________ winters are long, dark, and cold, with mean temperatures below 0°C for six to 10 months of the year. The temperatures are so cold that there is a layer of permanently frozen ground below the surface, called permafrost. This permafrost is a defining characteristic of this biome.

mutualism

Bees fly from flower to flower gathering nectar, which they make into food, benefiting the bees. When they land in a flower, the bees get some pollen on their hairy bodies, and when they land in the next flower, some of the pollen from the first one rubs off, pollinating the plant. This is an example of _________________.

commensalism

Orchids often rely on a larger tree for sunlight and nutrients that flow on branches. Orchids do not grow to be large plants and do not harm the host tree in any manner. Orchids have their photosynthesis process and do not extract any nutrients from the host plant apart from the water that flows on the outer bark. This relationship is an example of ______________.

parasitic

Helminths include parasites like roundworms, flatworms, and thorny-headed worms. Typically helminths live off the digestive tract in mammals, including humans. Helminths cause damage to their host by disrupting the absorption of nutrients in the body, causing weakness, malnutrition and an increased risk for disease and infection. This is an example of a(n) ______________ relationship.

food web

Which diagram shows a more accurate representation of the ecological relationship in a biome?

food chains

There are four ______________ represented in this food web.

trophic levels

Each of the six sections of the pyramid are known as ___________________.

sun

According to the pyramid, what is the direct and indirect source of energy for life?

photosynthesis

Which process is represented with pathway A (the green pathway)?

cellular respiration

Which process is represented with pathway B (the blue pathway)?

matter; energy; Energy

The reciprocal equations below show that __________ is recycled but __________ is not. _________ flows through an ecosystem.