Chapter 7 Cardiovascular System Terminology

Terminology and information relating to the heart and blood vessels

angio

vessel

ather

fatty plaque

cardio

heart

coron

heart;crown;circle

-genic

producing;causing

-gram

recording

isch

deficiency

-megaly

enlarged

-plasty

surgical repair

-poiesis

formation

-sclerosis

hardening

septum

partition

-stasis

stop

-stenosis

narrowing

thromb

clot

valv

valve

vascul/o

vesse;tubes

vaso

vessel

ven

vein

Two major structures of the cardiovascular system

Heat and blood vessels

Heart is located between the lungs in the area called…

The mediastinum

Apex

Cone-shaped ending of the heart

Sulci

Grooves on the heart

Atria

Superior two chambers of the heart

Ventricles

Two inferior chambers of the heart

Interatrial septum

Muscular wall that separates the atrials

Interventricular septum

Muscular wall that separates the ventricles

Pericardium

Sac-like structure that encloses the heart

The three layers of the heart

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

Cardiomyocytes

Contracts to cause pumping action of the heart. Located in the thickest layer of the heart, the myocardium

Four valves of the heart

Tricuspid valve, bicuspid (mitral) valve, pulmonary semilunar valve, aortic semilunar valve

Atrioventricular (AV) valves (define and list)

Separates the atria from the ventricles. Tricuspid and bicuspid valve

The tricuspid valve seperates the…

Right atrium from the right ventricle

The bicuspid seperates the…

The left atrium from the left ventricle

The pulmonary semilunar valve is located…

between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk (Sends blood from heart to lungs for O2)

Aortic semilunar valve located…

between left ventricle and aorta (sends oxygenated blood throughout the body)

Pectinate muscles

Ridges that line the atria

Trabeculae carneae

Ridges that line the ventricles

Chordae tendineae

tendinous chords which attach to the tricuspid and bicuspid valves

papillary muscle

pillar-like muscles in the walls of the ventricles that attach to the chordae tendineae

Four main types of blood vessels in the body

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

Artieries, artierioles, vanules, and viens composed of same three layers (tunics)…

Tunica (Outermost layer)

Tunica media (middle layer)

Tunica intima (Innermost layer)

Blood is carried in the ___ of cells

Lumen

Arteries

Take blood away from heart. High pressure, thickest tunica media. Lead to arterioles

Arterioles

Smaller layers than arteries. Contains mostly oxygen rich blood

Capillaries

Microscopic blood vessels. Allows fluids and molecules to move through tissues.

Three types of capillaries

Continuous capillaries

Fenestrated capillaries: Has small openings

Sinusoidal Capillaries: Has large gaps to allow fluid through

Because capillaries lack a tunica media layer, blood flow is controllyed by…

Precapillary sphincters

Veins and vaules

Blood vessels that send blood back to the heart. Contain deoxygenated blood. Have the three layers, but thinner, and bigger lumens.

aneurysm

excessive dilation of arterya

angina

sudden attacks of pain or discomforta

angioplasty

procedure used to unblock a blood vessel

arrythmia

abnormal rhythm

auscultation

listening to body sounds like the heartbeat

atherosclerosis

disease that results in narrowing of arteries

cardiologist

doctor that specializes in diseases and treatment of the heart

cardiology

study of the heart

cardiomegaly

irregular enlargement of the heart

cardiomyopathy

heart muscle disease

chronotropic

affecting rate or timing

congestive heart failure

condition in which the heart is unable to adequately pump blood to body’s tissues

diastole

relation of heart muscle

echocardiogram

test that uses ultrasound waves to view heart action

edema

excess accumulation of fluid in body cavities or tissues

electrocardiogram

test that measures electrical activity of the heart

fibrillation

uncoordinated contractions

heart murmur

abnormal heart sound

hypertension

high blood pressure

hypotension

low blood pressure

infarction

tissue death due to blocked blood supply

palpitation

rapid pulsation or quivering of the heart

pericarditis

inflammation of peicardium

prolapse

slipping of a body part from correct positiona

stenosis

narrowing

systole

contraction of the heart muscle