SLCC Anatomy: Ch 16 Spinal cord/nerves

Which body regions are innervated by the lumbar enlargement of the spinal cord?

lower limbs

What is the collective name for all of the axons that project inferiorly from the spinal cord?

cauda equina

Within the cauda equina is a thin strand of pia mater called the

filum terminale

Cell bodies of sensory neurons are housed in each

posterior root ganglion

___ contains motor axons only.

anterior root

Within each intervertebral foramen, an anterior root and its corresponding posterior root unite to form a

spinal nerve

Between the dura mater and the inner walls of the vertebrae is the

epidural space

The outer region of the spinal cord, composed primarily of myelinated axons, is called the

white matter

The lateral horns found in the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord contain cell bodies of _____ motor neurons.

autonomic

Which spinal cord components contain cell bodies of interneurons and axons of sensory neurons?

posterior horns

White matter of the spinal cord is partitioned into ____________, each containing both ascending and descending ____________.

funiculi; tracts

The anterior funiculi are interconnected by the

white commissure

The spinal nerves inferior to ____________ exit below the vertebra of the same number.

C8

The anterior rami of spinal nerves T1-T11 are called

intercostal nerves

Spinal nerves are mixed nerves, meaning that they contain ____ axons that are found anteriorly, and ____ axons that are found posteriorly.

motor; sensory

The properties of reflexes are required stimulus, ____ involving few neurons, a repeating ____, and the response must be involuntary.

rapid response; automatic response

The neural pathway of a single reflex

reflex arc

The first step involved in a typical neural reflex is

activation of a receptor by a stimulus

The second step in a neural reflex is that the impulse

travels via a sensory neuron to the CNS

The third step for a neural reflex is that the impulse is processed in the

integration center by interneurons

In the fourth step, the motor neuron transmits the impulse

to the effector

Lastly, the effector

responds to the motor impulse

Where does the adult spinal cord end?

immediately above the filum terminale, at the tip of the conus medullaris, and usually at the level of vertebra L1

Although extending from the end of the spinal cord, the ____________ contains no neural fibers, only fibrous connective tissue.

filum terminale

The posterior and anterior roots of the ____________ must elongate because the spinal cord stops growing before the vertebral column does.

cauda equina

Fibers of the ____________ intertwine on one side with those of another meninx, and on the other, with glial cells.

pia mater

Which spinal meningeal layer is sandwiched between a potential space and a very significant space occupied by connective tissue fibers and cerebrospinal fluid?

arachnoid

Which structures would not be found in the anterior horns of the spinal cord?

cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

The roots of the brachial plexus are actually the ____ of spinal nerves.

anterior rami

Which branches of spinal nerves innervate the limbs and the anterolateral portions of the trunk?

anterior rami

Normal for infants but indicative of CNS damage in adults, the ____________ is essentially a reversal of the ____________ reflex.

Babinski sign; plantar