Mental Health

state of well-being

Mental Health

state of well-being

Major Depression

Psychotic Disorder

State of sadness, hopelessness, helplessness, worthlessness, despair from tragedy, loss of interest

Lasts more than 2 weeks, occurs in episodes and interferes with ADLs

DSM-5 (used for diagnosis

1. depressed mood

2. anhedonia (loss of interest)

3. Sleep disturbances

4. fatigue

5. feeling of worthlessness

Bipolar Disorder

Psychotic Disorders

episodes of mania, depression, mixed moods, (rapid/gradual)

Manic phase - excessive emotional displays, excitement, hyperactivity, delusions

Depressive Phase - Apathy and feeling of sadness, loneliness, guilt, decreased self-esteem

Bipolar I - lasts 7days, include manic episode and depressive feelings

Bipolar II - Pattern of depressive and hypomanic episodes (not full blown)

Cyclothymic - Recurring/Hypomanic SYMPTOMS, does not last long enough to be considered “episode”

Anxiety

Non-Psychotic Disorders

feeling of uneasiness/discomfort

Can be good or bad (mobilize/immobilize)

Mild Anxiety

• increased awareness

• Broad perception field

• Hears and Sees more, thinks more logically (learning occurs)

Moderate Anxiety

• Narrow Perception Field

• Focus on one thing, ignores everything else in environment

Severe Anxiety

• Reduced Perception

• Develop Compulsive Mechanism

• Unable to focus on environment

Panic

• Complete disruption of perceptual field

• Terror

• Unable to think logically

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Non-psychotic Disorder (anxiety disorder)

Obsessions

• unwanted, intrusive thoughts

• causes anxiety

Compulsions

• Unwanted, repetitive behavior patterns

• decrease anxiety

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

Chronic

occur/continue after 1 month of exposure (>1 month)

functional impairment/stress

Acute Stress Disorder

Occur in 1st month of exposure (<1 month)

can come from combat, rape, assault, near-death

Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

Ethanol is CNS depressant

symptoms begin 6-24 hrs after last drink

peak lasts 24-36 hrs

ends after 48 hrs

alcohol withdrawal delirium

Mild-Mod

• increased HR, BP

• anxiety

• irritability

• N/V

Severe

• uncontrollable shaking, hallucination, hyperthermia

Delirium

Cognitive disorder

Disturbance of consciousness and rapid change in cognition

REVERSIBLE

ACUTE

impaired memory, hallucination, inappropriate speech, rapid speech

lasts 1 week

Dementia

memory impairment (aphasia, disturbance of function)

NOT REVERSIBLE

CHRONIC

associated with Alzheimers

slow onset, delusions, slow speech, impaired memory, judgment, and calculation

occur in 60+ years old