marine microbiology chapter 1
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40 Terms
How long have microbes lived in the planet
3.5 billion years
how long have humans known about microbes?
350 years
What is found in the domain Eukarya
protist and Fungi
What is found in the domain Bacteria
all bacteria
What is found in the domain archea
all archea
are viruses microbes?
yes they are included
What domain has more representation?
Bacteria
why are viruses not includes in the tree of life?
they lack ribosomal genes
small size =
high surface area/volume
the smaller the size
the higher the surface area
the larger the size
the smaller the surface area
why is a microbe having a smaller size helpful to them?
better nutrients absorption and faster waste removal
Why are marine microbes smaller then terrestrial?
because there is limited nutrients in the ocean
What is plankton?
small drifters that cannot swim against currents
Are all plankton microbes?
not all are microbes but, most marine microbes can be plankton
Phytoplankton
absorb sunlight
zooplankton
does not absorb sunlight
Which domain has the largest microbes?
Eukarya
how large are Eukarya microbes
10-20 μm
how large are bacteria and archea microbes?
2-10 μm
what is the smallest microbe?
viruses
how large are viruses?
they are in nm
what are the 5 main ocean currents?
subtropical gyres
What drives surface currents?
winds
What drives deep water currents?
changes in density
what speed do deep ocean currents move and what primarily drives them?
they are slow moving and are primairly driven by differences in temperature/salinity
How is density impacted in the ocean?
salinity and temperature
what is it called when deep-ocean currents driven by differences in water density controlled by temperature and salinity?
thermohaline
upwelling
Deep water brought to the surface
Downwelling
Surface water sinks
nutrient rich-water
upwelling
nutrient poor-water
downwelling
what is the oceans pH level?
slightly alkaline, 7.5-8.4
What is the average ocean salinity?
~35ppt
Hypersaline
concentration exceeds average salinity
Brackish
lower salinity environments
what is the most common componet of seawater?
chloride
What is marine snow?
a mixture of detritus and waste material falling from the surface to deep water
What is a biofilm?
a bunch of microbes and their products stuck together on a surface
What are Extremophiles
microbes that thrive in extreme environments