Astronomy Midterm

Rise in the _____

East

Set in the ____

West

What is a rotation?

Spinning around axis

What is a revolution?

Motion around another

What is the order of the planets from closest to furthest from the Sun?

Mercury → Venus → Earth → Mars → Jupiter → Saturn → Uranus → Neptune

What are the terrestrial planets?

Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars

What are the jovian planets?

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

Which planet is closest to the Sun?

Mercury

Which planet has the widest range of day and night temperature?

Mercury

Which planet most resembles the moon?

Mercury

Which planet has an iron core that is half its volume?

Mercury

Which planet contains the Colaris Basin?

Mercury

Which planet is similar to Earth in size and density?

Venus

Which planets (2) rotate in retrograde?

Venus and Uranus

What makes up most of Venus’ atmosphere?

Carbon dioxide

Which planet has the highest surface temperature (750k)?

Venus

Which planet has no magnetic field?

Venus

Which planet consists of volcanoes and lava flows?

Venus

Which planet contains two continents?

Venus

What are Ishtar Terra and Aphrodite Terra

Venus’ continents

The Earth rotates on an ____ and revolves around the ____

axis ; Sun

What causes Earth’s seasons?

The tilt relative to the Sun

What position is the sun in during summer?

Northmost

Sun concentrated on a smaller area =

Hot

Sun concentrated on a larger area =

Colder

What position is the sun in during winter?

Southmost

What region of Earth contains the most mass?

Mantle

Which region of Earth is conductive and spinning?

Core

Which Earth layer protects life?

Ozone layer

Which Earth layer do we live in?

Troposhere

What are the three most abundant gases in our atmosphere?

nitrogen, oxygen, and argon

What describes how gasses in the Earth's atmosphere hold some of the Sun's heat in the atmosphere, warming it?

Greenhouse effect

What keeps temperature from from changing by extreme amounts between night and day

Greenhouse effect

What is a circulation of upward moving hot material mixed with downward moving cold material

Convection

What theory created the moon?

Impact Theory

Explain the impact theory?

The moon was created from debris from an Earth colliison

The moon doesn’t produce…

visible light

What are maria on the moon?

Dark patches filled with lava from billions of years ago

Which side of the moon has fewer maria?

Far side

What is the order for a lunar eclipse?

Sun → Earth → Moon

What is the order for a solar eclipse?

Sun → Moon → Earth

What phase does a lunar eclipse occur?

Full moon

What phase does a solar eclipse occur?

New moon

Which planet has a similar rotation to Earth?

Mars

What is Mars’ atmosphere mostly made of?

Carbon dioxide

Which planet has evidence of past liquid water?

Mars

What causes Mars reddish color?

Iron oxide

Which part of Mars is older and more cratered?

Southern Hemisphere

Which planet contains the Tharis Bulge, Valles Marineris, Hellas Basin, and Borelais Basin?

Mars

What is the large rift in Mars along the equator?

Valles Marineris

What is Olympus Mons?

The biggest volcano on Mars

What are some Mars missions?

Spirit, Curiosity, and Opportunity

What is the largest planet?

Jupiter

Which jovain planet has the thickest atmosphere?

Jupiter

Which terrestrial planet has the thickest atmosphere?

Venus

Which planet has a magnetic tail?

Jupiter

Jupiter’s mass is ____ times Earth’s

300

Which planet contains the Great Red Spot?

Jupiter

These two planets contain a metallic hydrogen interior layer

Saturn and Jupiter

These two planets contain ammonia

Saturn and Jupiter

What are Jupiter’s 4 moons?

Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto

What is the most active moon?

Io

What moon gets heated from being stretched and squeezed by Jupiter

Io

Which moon has a water ice surface with a subsurface ocean?

Europa

What is the largest moon in the solar system

Jupiter’s Ganymede

What is the oldest, most cratered moon?Which

Jupiter’s Callisto

Compared to Jupiter, Saturn has

lower mass and density

What are Saturn’s rings made of?

water, ice, rock, and dust

What is the Roche limit?

The distance before a moon is destroyed

What are Saturn’s two moons?

Enceladus and Titan

What is the largest of Saturn’s moons

Titan

Which moon is the most reflective with an icy surface

Enceladus

Which moon has lakes made of ethane and methane?

Titan

What are Titan’s lakes mostly made of?

Ethane

Which two Jovian planets do not contain ammonia

Uranus and Neptune

Which two Jovian planets have a slush interior layer

Uranus and Neptune

What causes a planet’s blueish apperance

Methane

Which planet is almost perpendicular on its axis?

Uranus

Which blue-green planet is almost featureless

Uranus

Which two planets have an unusual tilt?

Neptune and Uranus

Which planet is farthest from the Sun

Neptune

Which planets had the Great Dark Spot

Neptune

What is Neptune’s moon?

Triton

Which moon has a retrograde orbit compared to its planet

Titon (Neptune)

Which moon was possibly caputured from the Kupier Belt?

Triton

Which moon might get destroyed and become a ring system?

Triton

What is the order of the Solar System regions from closest to furthest from the sun?

Terrestrial planets → Asteroid Belt → Jovian planets → Kupier Belt

What group of planets are small, dense, and rocky

Terrestrial

What group of planets has no rings and few moons?

Terrestrial

What do all Jovian planets have?

Rings, many moons, faster rotations, light and dark bands

What group of planets are large, gaseous, and low density

Jovian

What are asteriods?

rocky metallic remanats

Where are asteroids located?

Asteroid belt, trojan asteroids, and earth-crossing

Where is the asteroid belt

between Mars and Jupiter

_____ share Jupiters orbit

Trojan asteroids

Which asteroids are most dangerous to Earth?

Earth crossing

Comets are

mostly inactive ice material

A comets tail always

points away from the sun

Where do comets originate

Kupier Belt

Where is the Kupier Belt

Beyond Neptune