Cells & Structures

Flashcards covering key concepts related to cells and structures in biopsychology.

Reticular Theory

The theory proposed by Camillo Golgi suggesting that neurons are fused together into continuous structures.

Neuron Doctrine

The theory proposed by Ramon y Cajal stating that the brain is made up of separate neurons that communicate at synapses.

Connectome

A wiring diagram of all synaptic connections in a brain.

Dendrite

The part of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.

Cell body

The part of a neuron that contains the nucleus and organelles.

Axon

A long projection of a neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body.

Synapse

The site of communication between two neurons, where neurotransmitters are released.

Glial cells

Support cells in the nervous system, including oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia.

Oligodendrocytes

Glial cells that myelinate axons in the central nervous system.

Schwann cells

Glial cells that myelinate axons in the peripheral nervous system.

Astrocytes

Glial cells that regulate blood flow and recycle neurotransmitters.

Microglia

Glial cells that clean up debris and regulate synapse formation.

Sympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for 'fight or flight'.

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Part of the autonomic nervous system that conserves energy and promotes 'rest and digest'.

Neural connections

Connections between neurons that increase in complexity after birth and are pruned after development.