BIOL 212 - Cytology

Nucleus

Membranous organelle, largest organelle. Control center and contains genetic material and nucleolus

Mitochondria

Double membrane organelle

Responsible for the majority of the production of ATP

Golgi Apparatus

membranous organelle; consists of a series of flattened, plate-like discs

Responsible for the synthesis and packaging of glycolipids

Receives proteins from the ER, and they are directly packaged and processed for export

Rough ER

Consists of a series of tubules with attached ribosomes, which package proteins.

Continuous with the nuclear membrane

Smooth ER

consists of tubules that synthesize and package lipid and steroid hormones.

Ribosome

Tiny, round organelle may be free in the cytoplasm or attached to a membranous organelle.

Responsible for the production of proteins

Microvilli

Series of tiny plasma membrane extensions used to increase the cells surface area for absorption

Lysosomes

Produced by the Golgi apparatus.

Contains strong acidic digestive enzymes

Responsible for the breakdown of damaged organelles or phagocytized pathogens

Cilia

long plasma membrane extensions that have the ability to beat rhythmically to propel surfaces along the surface

Centrioles

Cylindrical bodies composed of microtubules

Responsible for chromosome movement during cell division

Cytoskeleton

framework of the cell

Move substances and organelles throughout the cells interior and will act to move the cell where it is anchored to the plasmalemma

Peroxisomes

Membrane bound

Contains oxidative enzymes that function to break down fatty acids and ethanol