Cell Types and Organelle Functions

Vocabulary flashcards covering cellular organelles, their functions, and characterization of prokaryotic versus eukaryotic cells based on the provided worksheets.

Centrioles

Helps move chromosomes during cell division

Vacuole (small)

Stores small amounts of food

Lysosome

Contains strong digestive enzymes to break down proteins, lipids, old organelles, and carbohydrates into smaller pieces; contains enzymes to break down and kill any bacteria that has entered the cell

Cilia

Helps move the cell or move things past the cell, hair-like

Flagella

Helps move a cell, tail-like

Rough ER

Contains ribosomes on the surface, which make proteins that will be exiting the cell or being placed within a cell (or organelle) membrane

Golgi body

Modifies macromolecules (i.e. adding a carbohydrate to a protein) and transports proteins to going outside the cell

Nucleus

Controls the activities of the cell, contains the chromosomes (DNA) of the cell

Ribosomes

Site of protein synthesis (making proteins), may be freely floating or attached to the Rough ER, found in all cells; not membrane bound

Smooth ER

Makes lipids and steroids

Nucleolus

Makes the ribosomes

Mitochondria

"Powerhouse of the cell" - transfers energy from glucose to ATP, thus providing the cell with useful energy (Cellular Respiration)

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves the cell; found in all cells

DNA

Instructions to make proteins and your biological traits (hint: not an organelle); found in all cells

Cytoskeleton

Internal framework and support system to give shape and organization to the cell (keeps organelles in place)

Nuclear envelope

Surrounds the nucleus, has pores and protects the DNA of the cell

Large central vacuole

Hold large amounts of water in plant cells

Cell wall

Extra protective barrier that gives plants protection and structure to ensure that plants hold their shape; contains tough fibers called cellulose

Chloroplast

Carries out the process of Photosynthesis

Peroxisomes

Breaks down hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) from cellular metabolism

Components of cytoplasm

1. Cytosol, 2. Organelles

Prokaryotes

Simple cells such as bacteria that contain DNA and ribosomes and are able to regulate what goes in and out of the cell, but lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotes

Complex cells including plants, animals, fungi, and protists that contain a nucleus, mitochondria, and membrane-bound organelles