Internal Combustion Engine Strokes, Alloys, and Mussolini's Rise to Power

Practice flashcards covering the four strokes of an internal combustion engine, alloy compositions and uses, and Benito Mussolini's biography and political rise.

What happens during the Intake stroke of an internal combustion engine?

The piston moves Down, the Intake valve is opened, and gas petrol (from liquid) enters the cylinder.

What occurs during the Compression stroke of an internal combustion engine?

The piston moves Up with no valve opened ((None)), and the gaseous mixture (petrol + air) is compressed to reduce the volume.

What occurs during the Power stroke of an internal combustion engine?

The piston moves Down with no valve opened ((None)), and the spark plug induces an electric spark to ignite the fuel mixture and increase its volume.

What occurs during the Exhaust stroke of an internal combustion engine?

The piston moves Up, the Exhaust valve is opened, and gases are released before the cycle repeats itself.

What is Bronze made of and what are its uses?

Bronze is made of Copper, Tin, and Zinc. Its uses are $1.$ Bells and $2.$ Statues.

What is Brass made of and what is its use?

Brass is made of $70\%$ Copper and $30\%$ Zinc. Its use is Musical instruments.

What is Stainless Steel made of and what is its use?

Stainless Steel is made of $10\%$ Nickel, $20\%$ Chromium, and $70\%$ Iron. Its use is Cutlery.

What is Mild Steel made of and what are its uses?

Mild Steel is made of $99.7\%$ Iron and $0.3\%$ Carbon. Its uses are $1.$ Bridges and $2.$ Automobile bodies and parts.

What is Solder made of and what are its uses?

Solder is made of $50\%$ Tin and $50\%$ Lead. Its uses are $1.$ Soldering and $2.$ Welding.

What are the key biographical details of Mussolini's early life and background?

Born in $1883$, Middle-class status, worked as Teacher then Journalist. Other details: expelled for stabbing a fellow student, arrested for ant-militarism, fought WWI later on ($1915$), injured by accidental explosion ($1916$), and was once a socialist.

What post-WWI conditions contributed to Mussolini's rise to power in Italy?

Italian losses after WWI (about $6000$ men), Britain and France denying promised land, and regional economic disparity where the industrial North was rich while the South was poor.

What was Fascio-de-Combattimento, when and where was it formed, and what actions did it take?

It was a battle group formed in $1919$ in Milan by Mussolini. They tortured political opponents by forcing them to drink castor oil and broke union meetings.

When was the National Fascist Party formed, and how were they represented?

The National Fascist Party was formed in $1921$, using Black shirts for representation.

What was the political status of the National Fascist Party in parliament before the March on Rome?

$22$ party members were elected to parliament, and their demand for cabinet seats to gain more control was DENIED.

What were the key events and outcome of the October 1922 March on Rome?

$100\,000$ Fascists volunteered to march. King Victor Emmanuel 711 refused violence, Prime Minister Luigi Facta was dismissed as demanded, and Mussolini became the New Prime Minister.