Risk Management: Safety, Security & Sanitation

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering risk assessment processes, ISO 31000:2018 standards, risk identification factors, legal concepts, OSH standards (RA 11058), and safety protocols.

How is Risk defined according to the lecture?

The effect of uncertainty on objectives; expressed via sources, events, consequences, and likelihood. It represents a deviation from the expected, which can be positive (opportunity) or negative (threat).

What is the definition and primary purpose of Risk Management?

Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization regarding risk, with the primary purpose of creating and protecting value.

Which international standard establishes the principles and framework for risk management?

PNS ISO 31000:2018

What are the three iterative and collaborative steps of Risk Assessment?

Identification, Analysis, and Evaluation.

What is the goal of Risk Identification, the first step in risk assessment?

To find, recognize, and describe risks that may help or hinder objectives.

What are the 13 factors considered in risk identification?

1. Tangible & intangible sources; 2. Causes & events; 3. Threats & opportunities; 4. Vulnerabilities & capabilities; 5. External & internal changes; 6. Emerging risk indicators; 7. Asset value & nature; 8. Consequences & impact; 9. Knowledge limits & info reliability; 10. Time-related factors; 11. Biases; 12. Assumptions; 13. Beliefs of involved persons.

What are the four types of risks discussed in the lecture?

1. Compliance (failure to follow laws/standards); 2. Hazard (Pure) (events causing loss/injury; no benefit); 3. Control (failures in systems/processes); 4. Opportunity (risks tied to pursuing gains).

What is Risk Analysis?

A process that estimates the probability and consequences of identified risks.

In risk management, how are an Event and a Consequence differentiated?

An Event is an occurrence or change in circumstances, while a Consequence is an outcome affecting objectives (where one event may lead to multiple consequences).

What is the distinction between a Threat Assessment and a Vulnerability Assessment?

A Threat Assessment identifies potential harmful events at a location/facility, whereas a Vulnerability Assessment identifies weaknesses or gaps.

What formula is used in the Risk Matrix to determine the Risk Level?

$$\text{Likelihood} \times \text{Severity} = \text{Risk Level}$$

What is the purpose of Risk Evaluation?

To compare risk analysis results against risk criteria to decide if a risk is acceptable or tolerable.

What are Risk Criteria?

Agreed standards based on laws, policy, and values against which the significance of a risk is evaluated.

What four decision or action options are available following risk evaluation?

Accept, Mitigate, Avoid, or Transfer/Share.

What is RA 11058, and what does it strengthen?

RA 11058 is the OSH Law; it strengthens compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards.

Who issues Occupational Safety and Health Standards under RA 11058, and what criteria are they based on?

The DOLE Secretary (not DOH), based on the size of the workforce, nature of operations, and risk level.

How does Criminal Law differ from Civil Law regarding parties and penalties?

Criminal Law involves the State vs. a person/organization with penalties of fines or imprisonment; Civil Law involves an individual or organization suing another seeking compensation for damages.

What is Vicarious Liability?

A legal concept where an employer is held responsible for the actions of employees committed within the scope of their duty.

What framework must be used in policies and procedures to address workplace risks?

Hierarchy of Controls.

What Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) items are specifically enumerated in the lecture?

Hard hat, Surgical/N95 mask, Protective vest, Gloves, and Safety boots.

What are the four categories of consequences of non-compliance?

1. Personal (injury, illness, death); 2. Business (insurance claims, property loss, reputation damage); 3. Legal (civil/criminal action, liability); 4. Employment (discipline, job loss).

What duty does a tour organizer have prior to every trip, tour, or event?

To acquire safety and security information before every trip/tour/event and share that information with staff and participants.