6th - Quarter 2 Vocab (26-27)
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Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering basic chemistry, physics, states of matter, energy, heat transfer, and motion based on the lecture notes.
71 Terms
chemistry
Learning about what stuff is made of and how it changes.
matter
Anything that takes up space and has stuff in it.
mass
How much stuff is inside something.
physical property
Something you can see or measure without turning the stuff into something new, like color or how hard it is.
pure substance
Stuff made of only one kind of thing, the same all the way through.
luster
How shiny something looks when light bounces off it.
atom
A tiny, tiny building block. Everything is made of atoms.
nucleus
The center of an atom. It holds the protons and neutrons.
proton
A tiny part inside the nucleus. It has a plus (+) charge.
neutron
A tiny part inside the nucleus. It has no charge.
electron
A tiny part that zooms around the outside of the nucleus. It has a minus (−) charge.
element
Stuff made of only one kind of atom. Gold is an element.
element symbol
One or two letters that stand for an element. Au stands for gold.
chemical symbol
One or two letters that stand for an element. Au stands for gold.
the periodic table
A chart that lines up all the elements. Elements that act alike go near each other.
molecule
Two or more atoms stuck together.
chemical bond
Like strong glue that holds atoms together.
compound
Made of two or more different elements joined together. Water is a compound.
chemical formula
Letters and numbers that tell which atoms are in something and how many. H2O is water.
subscript
A small number written low, next to a letter. It tells how many atoms. In H2O, the 2 means two H atoms.
physical change
A change where something looks different but is still the same stuff.
chemical change
A change that makes new stuff that acts differently, like wood burning into ashes.
reactants
The stuff you start with in a chemical change.
products
The new stuff you end up with in a chemical change.
law of conservation of mass
Stuff never disappears and never appears from nothing. It only changes into something else.
solid
Matter that has its own shape and stays the same size.
liquid
Matter that can change shape, like water poured into a cup. The amount stays the same.
gas
Matter that spreads out to fill any space. Air is a gas.
fluid
Matter that can flow and fill its container. Liquids and gases are fluids.
viscosity
How thick a liquid is. Honey is thick. Water is thin.
vapor
The gas form of a liquid, like water vapor in the air.
energy
What makes things move or change.
potential energy
Stored energy that is ready to use, like a stretched rubber band.
kinetic energy
Energy of moving things. If it is moving, it has this.
energy transformation
When energy changes from one kind to another, like a lamp changing electricity into light.
energy transfer
When energy moves from one thing to another, like a foot giving energy to a soccer ball.
law of conservation of energy
Energy never disappears and never appears from nothing. It only moves or changes into another kind.
temperature
How hot or cold something is. The tiny parts move faster when it is hotter.
thermometer
A tool that tells how hot or cold something is.
heat
Energy that moves from something warmer to something cooler.
conductor
Stuff that lets heat or electricity move through it easily.
insulator
Stuff that does not let heat or electricity move through easily.
convection
Heat moving when a liquid or gas moves. Warm parts rise and cool parts sink.
convection currents
The flowing in a liquid or gas when warm parts rise and cool parts sink. It carries heat around.
melting
When a solid turns into a liquid, like ice turning to water.
freezing
When a liquid turns into a solid, like water turning to ice.
melting point
The temperature where a solid melts into a liquid. It is the same as the freezing point.
freezing point
The temperature where a liquid turns solid. Water freezes at 32∘F (0∘C). It is the same as the melting point.
vaporization
When a liquid turns into a gas.
evaporation
When a liquid slowly turns into a gas from the top, like a puddle drying up.
boiling
When a liquid turns into a gas fast, with bubbles all through it.
boiling point
The temperature where a liquid boils and turns into a gas. A gas turns back into a liquid at this same temperature.
condensation
When a gas turns back into a liquid, like water drops on a cold window.
sublimation
When a solid turns right into a gas and skips the liquid, like dry ice.
deposition
When a gas turns right into a solid and skips the liquid, like frost forming.
motion
When something changes where it is.
reference point
The spot you use to tell if something moved. It is where you watch from.
distance
How far something travels.
speed
How far something travels in one unit of time, like 5 miles in 1 hour.
average speed
Total distance divided by total time. It is the speed for the whole trip.
instantaneous speed
How fast you are going at one exact moment, like the speed meter in a car.
velocity
Speed and the direction you are going, like 5 miles per hour north.
acceleration
When speed or direction changes: speeding up, slowing down, or turning.
slope
How steep a line on a graph is.
attract
Things with opposite charges (+ and −) pull toward each other.
repel
Things with the same charge push away from each other.
gravitational force
The pull between all things. Bigger things pull harder. Earth’s gravity pulls you down.
weight
How hard gravity pulls on something. You would weigh less on the Moon because the Moon pulls less.
pressure
How hard something pushes on something else.
drag
A force that slows something down as it moves through air or water.
inertia
Still stuff stays still. Moving stuff keeps moving the same way until a push or pull changes it.
