New Testament Midterm

Background info & gospels

what is the shortest gospel, least refined gospel?

Mark

which gospel is most likely written first?

Mark

which gospel uses the word ‘immediately’ 41 times?

mark

which gospel was written in Rome?

mark

which gospel uses ‘latinisms’ & define what they are

mark uses them & they are words unique to latin background in Rome

how does mark use the cross for original readers in Rome?

he uses it to show the fulfullment of God’s will rather than something shameful

what was Marks favorite title to identify Jesus?

‘the Son of God’

what title in mark did Jesus often refer to himself as?

‘the Son of Man’

Jesus’ use of the title “Son of Man’ is linked with this OT figure

Daniel

which book highlighted the failures of he disciples?

Mark

which two disciples asked Jesus for a place of Honor in his Kingdom?

James & John

who makes final confession that Jesus is the “son of God’ in Mark

A Roman centurion

which gospel is the longest?

Luke

luke is a compilation of —- reports to recount Jesus’ life

eyewitness reports

what was Lukes ethnicity and vocation

he was a gentile a physician

Luke emphasized Jesus’ concern for who in society?

the poor, women, children, sick, low status ppl

who was the literary patron of Luke’s gospel?

Theophilus

what does the name Theophilus mean?

friend/lover of God

which gospel focuses on the ‘travel' narrative’ of Jesus going to Jersualem?

Luke

luke recorded this person supporting Jesus’ ministry out of their own means

Women

Who was Simeon in Luke?

the man who was waiting for Jesus before dying & blessed him at the Temple

who was Anna in Luke?

she was a prophetess widow at the temple where baby Jesus was brought

which book records the genealogy of Jesus from Adam to God?

Luke

which book uses the legal lineage of Jesus?

Matthew

what did Moses & Elijah talk abt at Jesus’ transfiguration?

his departure and fulfillment while in Jerusalem

what were the 3 lost things in the parables?

a sheep, a coin, a son

who was the ‘wee little’ tax collector that climbed up a sycamore tree?

Zacchaeus

which disciple was named in the account of walking to Emmaus?

Cleopas

In the gospels, who found the stone was rolled away at the tomb of Jesus?

the women were first

how does the author of John describe himself?

The disciple Jesus loved

which gospel has over 90% new content compared to the other gospels?

John

John begins with this similar wording to tie in Genesis 1:1

in the beginning of creation

which gospel was written last?

gospel of John

where was the Gospel of John written?

Ephesus

how many signs did John include as evidence of Jesus being messiah?

7 signs total

what was the first sign Jesus performed in John?

water into wine

define “hypostatic union”

the two complete & distinct natures of Jesus

who are the 7 witnesses Johns gospel lists?

John the B, Jesus’s works, scripture, the Father, Holy Spirit, disciples, John

what were the 3 reasons Jesus used ‘I AM’ in John

1) reminding hearers of Moses meeting w/ God

2) reminded hearers of Yahweh, covenant name

3) Jesus stated his identity as divine

List all 7 ‘I AM’ statements from John

1)Bread of life

2) light of world

3)the Door

4)the good shepherd

5)the resurrection & life

6)the way, the truth, the life

7)the true vine

how many times in John is ‘believe’ used?

98 times

who did Jesus raise from the dead after 4 days?

Lazarus

How many times, after resurrection, did Jesus ask Pater if he loved Him & commanded him to feed His sheep?

three times He asked peter

who was John the Baptist?

called by God to prepare the way for the Lord. Baptized Jesus. Born to old parents

who was Caiaphas?

The high priest, led sanhedrin to condemn Jesus

who was Pilate?

Governor of Judea who condemned Jesus

How many times in the synoptic Gospels did Jesus reference his suffering & resurrection?

three times referenced

how many times did peter deny Jesus?

Peter denied three times

what does Matthew 28:18-20 say?

“Then Jesus came to them and said, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore, go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the father, and of the son, and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surly I am with you always, to the very end of the age.’”

how many NT books are there?

27 books

who are the 8 known human authors of the NT?

Matthew, mark, luke, John, Paul, Peter, James, Jude

what years was the NT written between?

45AD-95AD. approx. 50yrs

what is the original language of NT?

Koine Greek

Define canon

the rule or standard writings that make up the Christian scriptures

how many times do NT writers refer to other NT writings as scripture?

2 occasions

what are the 5 criteria for Canonicity of NT?

1) Apostplicity

2)orthodoxy

3)christiocentricity

4) antiquity

5) ecclesiastical

define apostolicity

direct/indirect association with an apostle

define orthodoxy

consistent with church rule on apostles teachings

define christiocentricity

Jesus as the main focus of the text

define antiquity

made during the apostolic era

define ecclesiastical

used by the early church

what is a codex

a bound volume. like modern book

how many greek manuscripts attest to the NT

6,000 manuscripts

what is textual criticism

the attempt of reconstructing the original words of the scripture

what do they use to reconstruct the original words of scripture?

greek manuscripts, early syranic and latin manuscripts, quotes from early church writings

what are the preferences for textual criticism

has to be the oldest, most geographically widespread manuscript, reflect authors style, and is more difficult to read

what % of accuracy are the NT manuscript copies?

99.5%

who produced the first English translation of the Bible from latin vulgate?

John Wycliffe

what are the three basic translation philosophies?

1) formal equivalence- word for word

2) dynamic equiv.- phrase for phrase

3) optimal equiv.- mixture of both

chronological order of major power shifts in intertestamental period to NT period

babylon→persion-→greek→jewish self rule→Roman

what is hellenization?

the forced spread of Greek culture

who was Antiochus Epiphanes?

the ‘glorious one’ who had great military and political ambition. notable for sacrificing a pig to zeus in the Jewish temple

who Led the Jewish revolt against the selucids?

Judas Maccabeus, the son of priest Mattathias

what Jewish holiday comes from the cleansing of the temple in 164bc?

Hanukkah

which Roman general extended Rule into Judea in 63 BC?

general Pompey

who was the Roman emperor at the time of Jesus’ birth?

Ceaser Augustus

Who was King of Judah, named by the Roman senate in 40BC

King Herod

who was the Roman Emperor during Jesus public ministry?

Emperor Tiberius

define Septuagint

the greek translation of the OT

define Targums

the Aramaic paraphrase of the OT

define Apocrypha

mysterious nature of some books & contain heretical content

define pseudepigrapha

falsely attributed writings to prophets

define the Dead Sea Scrolls

oldest surviving manuscripts of OT

what were the 3 main philosophies in 1st Century mediterranean world? Define them

Epicureanism- pleasure is main thing to achieve in life

stoicism- fate is determined by impersonal reasons

cynicism- simplicity is key. want to be self-sufficient

what are the major religious systems in 1st century Rome?

paganism- greek/roman myths valued. polytheistic system

Emperor worship- Roman senate made emperors divinely sanctioned rulers'

mystery religions- varius cults viewed religion as a a divine union

Gnosticism- hidden knowledge is key. Spirit is good but matter is evil

superstition + syncretism +local folk- used magic, spirits, oracles, auguries, horoscopes

define proselytes

full converts to Judaism

define God-fearers

those who accept moral/general Jewish practice but are not circumcised

what did the pharisees believe?

in the resurrection & angels. Believed righteousness based on oral tradition

who were & what did sadducess believe?

did NOT believe in resurrection or angels, only used the pentateuch and were aristocrats

who were zealots

loyalists to Jewish tradition, did not adhere to Roman authority

who were the Essenes

legalististic, monastic community

what was the sanhedrin

made up of pharisees + sadducees = ‘The Council',’ gave their opinions on political and religious things. Had approx. 70 members

who were The Ppl of the Land

The common Jews in Judea & Galilee

who were the Jewish Ppl of Dispora?

the Jews outside Judea & Galilee in Gentile territory

what does the word Gospel mean?

Translated from the greek word “euangelion”, later translated from latin word ‘godspell',’ it means Good News

what is the CORE of the gospel

christ was: Crucified, Ordained, Raised, has Eyewitnesses

which are the synoptic gospels?

matthew, mark, luke