Bio181 Chapter 2

The number of electrons needed to fill any valence shell above 2s

8

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom is it’s ______?

The total number of protons in an atom is its_____?

Atomic Number

Valence

The total number of bonds an atom can form

Half-life

The time it takes for one half of a radioactive isotope to decay

Release

If an electron falls to a lower orbital it will ____ energy?

Reactant

A chemical that participates in the initiation of a chemical reaction

Radioactive

An isotope that is unstable and spontaneously decays is said to be ____?

Covalent bond

Bond formed from the sharing of valence electrons

Proton

Positively charged sub-atomic particle that gives an element its characteristics.

Nitrogen-14

Carbon 14 spontaneously decays into this element

Ionic Bond

Type of bond formed by stripping an electron from another atom

Hydrogen Bond

Type of weak bond that gives water many of its properties

Photosynthesis

The formation of glucose from carbon dioxide and water using light energy

Polar covalent bond

Type of covalent bond where electrons are not shared equally

Fluorine

The most electronegative element

Isotope

Form of an element with an unusual number of neutrons

Anion

Atom in a compound with a negative charge

Proton

Positive Charged Particle

Neutron

Neutrally charged particle

Electrons

Negative charged particles

Mass Number

Number of protons + Number of neutrons in an atom

Octet Rule

All atoms strive to have their valence shells filled.

nonpolar covalent bond

If electrons in a covalent bond are shared equally

Polar Covalent bonds and ionic bonds

What bonds can be dissolved in water?

carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N)

What 4 elements make up 96% of living matter?