chemistry deck1

Front: What is a Solute?

: A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution (e.g., salt or sugar).

What is a Solvent?

The liquid in which a solute dissolves to form a solution (e.g., water).

What is a Solution?

A mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

What is a Saturated Solution?

A solution in which no more solute can dissolve at a specific temperature.

What are the three states of matter?

Solids, liquids, and gases. They are classified based on the arrangement, movement, and energy of their particles.

How do particle movement and volume change when water changes states?

Melting: Solids expand slightly in volume as particles gain energy and move past each other.

Boiling: \bm{5\text{ cm}^3} of liquid water expands into enough steam to fill an average bucket as particles move freely and rapidly.

How can particle movement explain dilution and diffusion?

Dilution: Spreading of coloured particles throughout water as solute and solvent particles collide and mix.

Diffusion: Spreading of gas particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration due to rapid, random movement.

What is Solubility?

The mass of solute required to saturate \bm{100\text{ g}} of solvent at a specific temperature. Units: \bm{\text{g per } 100\text{g of solvent}}.

What is a Solubility Curve?

A graph showing how the solubility of a solute in a solvent changes as the temperature changes.

How do you experimentally investigate the solubility of a solid in water at a given temperature?

1. Add excess solute to water at a specific temperature until no more dissolves (saturated solution).

2. Filter out undissolved solid and weigh a known mass of the saturated solution.

3. Evaporate the water completely to find the mass of dry solute remaining.

4. Calculate: