APBio Unit One

Atoms

Smallest part of a substance, cannot be broken down chemically

CHO

Carbohydrates

NaCHO have carbs

CHO

Lipids

CHOse healthy fats

CHON

Proteins

ANCHOvies have protein in them

CHONP

Nucleic Acids

Cell Helpers Organize Nucleic Parts

CHONS

Specific Proteins

Specific proteins, Sulfur-containing amino acids

Atoms

Smallest part of a substance, cannot be broken down chemically

Protons

Positively charged subatomic particles with a relative charge of $+1$, located inside the nucleus.

Neutrons

Subatomic particles with no electrical charge ($0$), located inside the nucleus.

Electrons

Negatively charged subatomic particles with a relative charge of $-1$, located outside the nucleus in electron shells.

Atomic number

The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom.

Covalent Bond

A chemical bond formed when two atoms SHARE pairs of electrons

Covalent- Cuddle- Share

Ionic Bond

A chemical bond formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another

Electronegativity

A measure of an ato’s ability to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond

Nonpolar bond

Electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

Electronegative between 0-0.4

Polar Bond

Electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

Electronegativity between 0.4-1.7

Hydrogen Bond

A weak, magnetic like attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom on one molecule, and a slightly negative atom on the other

Cohesion

The attractive force that causes water molecules to stick to each other, is what creates surface tension

Carbohydrates

Most common kind of organic compound

Used to store energy.

Small retreating units that form bonds with larger molecules (Monosccarides)

Monosaccharides

The small repeating units of carbohydrates

Simple sugars

Fructose

Glucose

Polysaccharides

Complex carbs, formed when monosaccharides bind together in a chain

Two main functions: storing energy forming structures of living things

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin