Chapter 5 RADR 2301

the shoulder girdle consists of ____

proximal humerus, clavicle, and scapula

largest and longest bone of the upper limb

Humerus

most proximal part of the humerus

head of humerus

slightly constricted area directly below and lateral to the head

anatomic neck

process directly below the anatomic neck on the anterior surface

lesser tubercle

larger lateral process, to which the pectoralis major and supraspinatus muscles attach

greater tubercle

deep groove between thise two tubercules

intertubercular groove

tapered area below the head and tubercules also named because it is the site of frequent fractures requiring surgery

surgical neck

the roughened raised triangular elevation along the anterolateral surface of he body, deltoid muscle is attached

deltoid tuberosity

aspects of the clavicle

acromial extremity, sternal extremity, and body

long bone with a double curvature

clavicle

lateral of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula

acromial ectremity

joint or articulation that connects the acromion of the clavicle with the acromion of the scapula

acromioclavicular joint

medial of clavicle that articulates with the manubrium, upper part of the sternum

sternal extremity

articulation tha connects the sternal extremity with the manubrium of the sternum

sternoclavicular joint

elongated portion between extremities

body(shaft) of clavicle

shorter and less curved in shape

female clavicle

thicker and more curved in shape

male clavicle

angles of the scapula

inferior border, superior border, and lateral border

anterior surface of the scapula

costal surface

all the joints of the shoulder girdle are classified as ____

synovial

the mobility of all three joints of the shoulder girdle are

diarthrodial (free movable)

spheroidal or ball and socket

scapulohumeral (glenohumeral) joint

plane or gliding

sternoclavicular joint

plane or gliding

acromioclavicular joint

greater tubercle profiled laterally, supination of the hand, epicondyles parallel to the IR, proximal humerus in position for an AP projection

external rotation

epicondyles are perpendicular to IR, lesser tubercle profiled medially, proximal humerus in a lateral position

internal rotation

humeral epicondyles angled 45 degrees to IR, palm of hand against thigh,

neutral rotation

where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the shoulder?

CR is perpendicular to IR, directed 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

which lateral projection can be performed to demonstrate the entire humerus for a patient with a midhumeral fracture

transthoracic lateral projection for humerus

projection of the shoulder that produces an image of the glenoid process in profile

posterior oblique (grashey method)

posterior part of the shoulder girdle, flat triangular bone

scapula(shoulder blade)

three borders of the scaplar

medial, lateral,superior

long edge or border near the vertebrae

medial (vetebral) border

border near the axilla

lateral (axillary) border

upper most margin of the scapula

superior border

three corners or angles of the scapula

superior, inferior, lateral

sometimes called the head of scapula, thickest part and ends laterally in a shallow depression called glenoid cavity

lateral angle

humeral head articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula, also known as the glenohumeral joint, or shoulder joint

scapulohumeral joint

constricted area between the head and the body

neck of scapula

upper end of the medial or vetebral border

superior angle

lower end of the medial or vetebral border

inferior angle

anterior surface of the scapula, proximity to the ribs

costal surface

middle area of the costal surface presents a large concavity or depression

subscapular fossa

structure of the scapula that extends most anteriorly

coracoid process

bony structure that separates the supraspinous and infraspinous fossa

scapular spine

structure of the scapula that is considered to be the most posterior

acromion

10x 12

arm abducted 90 degrees form body (if possible), keep in external rotation (palm up)

HILL-SACS DEFECT WITH EXAGGERATED ROTATION OF AFFECTED LIMB

Lawrence method

10x 12

patient erect and positioned in a slight 5 to 10 degrees anterior oblique

BURSITIS , SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT, OSTEOPOROSIS, OSTEOARTHRITIS, AND TENDONITIS

Hobbs Modification

10x 12

patient in lateral recumbent position with arm abducted 90 degrees form the body if possible

HILL-SACS DEFECT WITH EXAGGERATED ROTATION OF AFFECTED LIMB

Clements Modification

10x 12

patient in an erect or supine position with body rotated 35 to 45 degrees toward affected side

BANKART LESION, EROSION OF GLENOID RIM, THE INTEGRITY OF THE SCAPULOHUMERAL JOINT, AND OTHER DEGENERATIVE CONDITIONS

Grashey Method

10X 12

Patient leaning forward slightly to place humerus 10 to 15 degrees

PATHOLOGIES OF INTERTUBERCULAR GROOVE INCLUDING BONY SPURS OF THE HUMERAL TUBERCLES

Fisk Modification

10x 12

patient erect or supine, place affected arm at patient's side in neutral rotation, raise opposite arm and place hand over top of head

FRACTURES OR DISLOCATIONS OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS

Lawrence Method

10x 12

patient facing IR rotated into anterior oblique position as for a lateral scapula which requires 10 to 15 degrees CR caudal angle

SPECIFICALLY DEMONSTRATES CORACOACROMIAL ARCH FOR SUPRASPINATUS OULET REGION FOR POSSIBLE SHOULDER IMPINGEMENT

Neer Method

10x 12

patient erect or supine, rotate body 45 degrees toward affected side

OPTIMAL TRAUMA PROJECTIONS FOR POSSIBLE SCAPULOHUMERAL DISLOCATIONS

Garth Method

refers to an injury in which the distal clavicle usually is displaced superiorly

AC Dislocation

refers to trauma to the upper shoulder region resulting in a partial or complete tear of the AC or coracoclavicular ligament or both ligaments

AC Joint Separation

an injury of he anteroinferior aspect of the glenoid labrum

Bankart Lesions

an inflammation of he bursae, or fluid-filled sacs enclosing the joints

Bursitis

a compression fracture of he articular surface of the posterolateral aspect of the humeral head that often is associated with an anterior dislocation of the humeral head

Hills-Sacs Defect

a disability of the shoulder joint that is caused by chronic inflammation in and around the joint

Idiopathic Chronic Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

impingement of the greater tuberosity and soft tissue on the carcoacromial ligamentous and osseous arch, generally during abduction of the arm

Impingement Syndrome

also known as DJD is a noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of the articular cartilage with hypertrophic bone formation

Osteoarthritis

resultant fractures are due to a reduction in the quantity of the bone or atrophy of skeletal tissue

Osteoporosis (Resultant Shoulder)

a chronic syndrome disease characterized by inflammatory changes that occur throughout the connective tissues of the body

Rheumatoid Arthritis

pathology refers to acute of chronic and traumatic injury to one or more of the muscles that make up the rotator cuff-teres minor supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis

Rotator Cuff Injury

occurs as traumatic removal of humeral head from the glenoid cavity

Shoulder Dislocation

an inflammatory condition of the tendon that usually results form a strain

Tendonitis