Physiology Midterm - JUN

In the Party Room, Phys Phab Jenna listened to some of your Fellow Physers discuss the types of direct communicators. She heard one Physer correctly state that this communication requires the two cells to __ be in direct contact and has __ allowing for movement of larger compounds between the two cells.

A. Always - tunneling nanotubes

B. Always - gap junctions

C. Sometimes - tunneling nanotubes

D. Sometimes - gap junctions

C. Sometimes - tunneling nanotubes

Due to an infection with Zika virus, a fetus can be born with an atypically small head (microcephaly) that is maintained through their lifetime. This situation is an example of

A. Negative acclimatization

B. Adaptation

C. Positive feedback

D. Developmental acclimatization

D. Developmental acclimatization

Before lecture, you sat down next to some Phellow Physers who were discussing an irreversible Critical Equation. One correctly stated that carbon dioxide is __ its product and water is __ a reactant.

A. Always - never

B. Sometimes - never

C. Always - sometimes

D. Sometimes - sometimes

A. Always - never

Which statement is an example of causal reasoning?

A. Energy is created based on our Critical Equation #2.

B. Large movements from set range most typically result in negative feedback.

C. A deficit of sodium will lead to decreased electrical activity by neurons.

D. Third-shift workers need to adapt to being active at night.

C. A deficit of sodium will lead to decreased electrical activity by neurons.

Which is a correct statement about homeostatic control systems?

A. Their set ranges are being met at steady state.

B. Their maintenance of steady state sometimes requires energy usage.

C. Their goals can be influenced by genetics.

D. They are not able to do proactive responses.

C. Their goals can be influenced by genetics.

Carmen is passionate about bridges and creates the correct analogies with drawbridges (get lowered as needed) being like __ while the space under a typical bridge are like __.

A. Juxtacrines - tunneling nanocrines

B. Gap junctions - juxtacrines

C. Juxtacrines - gap junctions

D. Gap junctions - tunneling nanocrines

C. Juxtacrines - gap junctions

Understanding how insulin allows for a decrease in plasma glucose levels addresses the __ in physiology. Having the ability to detect environmental glucose to maximize the acquiring of this scarce element addresses the __ in physiology.

A. Purpose - structure

B. Mechanism - structure

C. Purpose - mechanism

D. Mechanism - purpose

D. Mechanism - purpose

While working in the Party Room, you were asked to compare and contrast our Critical Equations. In accomplishing this task, you correctly realized that you were doing which level of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy?

A. Analyzing

B. Understanding

C. Creating

D. Evaluating

A. Analyzing

Brutus Buckeye’s house was hit by many storms this summer. One had a tree branch puncture his roof and a couple had him lose power (i.e., electricity). Brutus repaired his roof and bought an electrical generator. Using his physiology knowledge, he correctly realized that he had done

A. Only feedforward.

B. Both feedforward and negative feedback.

C. Both feedback and negative feedforward.

D. Only negative feedback.

B. Both feedforward and negative feedback.

Based on Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, in the assessments this term, you will be required to __ the material by doing actions such as __.

A. Analyze - differentiate the items in a set

B. Apply - translate technical definitions

C. Understand - interpret blood test results

D. All three statements are correct

A. Analyze - differentiate the items in a set

Which of the following tasks best exemplifies the “Analyzing” level of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy?

A. Using traits to differentiate between the multiple types of direct intercellular communication forms.

B. Using blood pressure knowledge to interpret the impact of dehydration on cardiac output.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

A. Using traits to differentiate between the multiple types of direct intercellular communication forms.

Phys Phab Isaac was helping a Physer learn about the Ideal Gas Law. Afterwards, the Physer correctly stated that

A. A gallon-sized milk container would be defining the n.

B. A pressure cooker cooks food because only V is held constant.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

A device has continually measured Dr. Gray’s Patient X’s body temperature for the last week. Reviewing the data, Patient X is very concerned that their body temperature was not relatively constant during that week. Dr. G correctly tells X that

A. They are typical because body temperature has a circadian phase.

B. Body temperature is typically lower at 1100 when compared to 0200.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

After a fall on the Oval, UGTA Katie used an ice pack to soothe her sore knee. She correctly stated that

A. Applying the ice pack was done using an efferent pathway to reduce the pain.

B. She accomplished an example of negative feedback.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

C. Both statements are correct.

Charlie Cardinal wants to have lots of energy currency available this Saturday. He correctly knows that he will need to

A. Utilize his Critical Equation #2 to develop this buildup thus also making Pi.

B. Indirectly create an increase in acid production.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

B. Indirectly create an increase in acid production.

Which is a correct statement about functional units?

A. They are present in organs and tissues.

B. Due to redundancy, some can be added.

C. All work alongside additional functional units.

D. All of one’s cells will have the same genome.

D. All of one’s cells will have the same genome.

While walking on the Oval, Phys Phab Sophia observed another walker with a dog on a four-foot leash. She correctly created the physiology analogy where the walker and dog are like two cells with the leash being like __ since it __.

A. Collagen - allows them to move around each other

B. Collagen - causes the dog to return more quickly after running towards a squirrel

C. A fibrous protein - prevents them from being separated by more than two feet

D. A fibrous protein - keeps the two a fixed distance apart

A. Collagen - allows them to move around each other

Phellow Physer Carmen wants to increase their level of free radicals. Consequently, they correctly realize that they

A. Should only do this action if they are feeling really healthy.

B. Should be taking melatonin during this attempted increase.

C. Will experience damage to their healthy cells.

D. Could increase the one that decreases their pain levels.

C. Will experience damage to their healthy cells.

Which is a correct statement about the extracellular matrix?

A. Its components are created by matrixocytes.

B. Its water is hydrogen bonded to its sugar structures.

C. It impacts the specialization of organs.

D. Its collagen allows for greater cell movement than equal length elastin.

B. Its water is hydrogen bonded to its sugar structures.

Phellow Physer Sloopy dreamed that they were an indirect communicator that traveled long distances. Consequently, Sloopy correctly realized that they could have been released by __ and travels in __.

A. An epithelial cell - the plasma

B. A neuron - the largest fluid compartment

C. A gland - a lipophobic fluid

D. A muscle cell - capillaries

C. A gland - a lipophobic fluid

Which is a correct statement about cells of the skin?

A. Two cells might not have the same lipodome.

B. They will be epithelial cells.

C. They were created by meiosis.

D. Each will definitely have similar DNA.

A. Two cells might not have the same lipodome.

The phospholipids in the plasma membrane are more numerous than the __ and larger than the __.

A. Proteins - proteins

B. Proteins - cholesterol

C. Cholesterol - proteins

D. Cholesterol - cholesterol

B. Proteins - cholesterol

The presence of cholesterol increases the __ of the plasma membrane and increases the blocking of __ compounds.

A. Stiffness - hydrophilic

B. Stiffness - hydrophobic

C. Fluidity - hydrophilic

D. Fluidity - hydrophobic

A. Stiffness - hydrophilic

Professor Phabulous correctly helped a student understand that elastin is surrounded by __ fluid and is __ found inside of cells.

A. Interstitial - never

B. Cytosolic - never

C. Interstitial - always

D. Cytosolic - never

A. Interstitial - never

For the communication methods, __ can correctly be combined because they are the only two that __.

A. Endocrines and neurotransmitters - are released by neurons

B. Paracrines and neurotransmitters - utilize the mid-sized fluid compartment

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

B. Paracrines and neurotransmitters - utilize the mid-sized fluid compartment

Which is a correct statement about the plasma membrane?

A. It separates the interstitial from the cytosolic fluid.

B. It consists of significantly more phospholipids than any other component.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

A. It separates the interstitial from the cytosolic fluid.

Unfortunately, Bevo (Texas Longhorn) is not feeling well. As he wants to be his best this Saturday, Brutus Buckeye correctly tells Bevo to

A. Decrease his Vitamin D intake.

B. Add oxidants to his meals.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

C. Both statements are correct.

Dr. May Zen Blue has concocted a devious device to harm BuckeyeNation. This new device instantly removes all of the midsized fluid compartment of its Buckeye victims. Consequently, this device will

A. Impact paracrines but not juxtacrines.

B. Remove less than half of the total fluid.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

B. Remove less than half of the total fluid.

Fascia is the term for a layer of connective cells that is fibrous and commonly found around muscles, blood vessels and nerves. Fascia would be best described as

A. A protein like collagen.

B. Part of the extracellular matrix.

C. Both statements are correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

D. Neither statement is correct.

Phys Phab Siham is enjoying a delicious beverage that is slightly salty. She correctly realizes that this beverage contains which type(s) of bonds?

A. Ionic

B. Hydrogen

C. Both are correct.

D. Neither is correct.

B. Hydrogen

As Flash the Golden Eagle was taking his usual morning jog as to be prepared for this Saturday’s contest in the Shoe, his jogging partner Brutus Buckeye correctly pointed out that this aerobic exercise has them creating an increased net amount of ___ and ___ their electron transport chains.

A. Pyruvate - using

B. Pyruvate - not using

C. Lactate - using

D. Lactate - not using

A. Pyruvate - using

In a dream, you have two of your red blood cells (RBCs). You place RBC 1 in a beaker of hypertonic plasma and RBC 2 in another beaker but with hypotonic plasma. You correctly predicted in your dream that, after a short while, RBC ___ will appear ___ than RBC ___.

A. 2 - smaller - 1

B. 1 - bigger - 2

C. 1 - smoother - 2

D. 2 - smoother - 1

D. 2 - smoother - 1

Phellow Physer Carmen was working on the upper level of Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy for Learning, specifically “analyzing,” and created which correct statement about the extracellular matrix and the glycocalyx?

A. Only the glycocalyx impacts a cell’s size

B.Both are utilized for identification

C. A loss of glucose would impact both

D. Both typically interact with peripheral proteins

C. A loss of glucose would impact both

As a phun physio lab assignment, Phellow Physer Libby Thompson filled a beaker with 2 L water then added 3 mol CaCl₂, 1 mol table salt, and 2 mol FADH₂. Libby correctly stated that this solution’s osmolarity was

A. 13 osm

B. 6.5 osm

C. 6 osm

D. 3 osm

B. 6.5 osm

Which is a correct statement about protein channels?

A. Mechanically-gated channels are opened when the plasma membrane is stretched

B. Aquaporins only allow specific solutes to move through them

C. Calcium channels allow calcium and a few sodium to move through them

D. Sometimes require the energy from our Critical Equation #1 to power the movement through them

A. Mechanically-gated channels are opened when the plasma membrane is stretched

Which is a correct statement about the glycocalyx?

A. It is created by short chains of carbohydrates with many branches

B. It is unique for a few individuals

C. It is typically only found attached to peripheral proteins

D. It promotes the growth of the cell

A. It is created by short chains of carbohydrates with many branches

Because only they __, the junction types of __ and __ can be combined.

A. Allow interstitial fluid flow - desmosomes and gap junctions

B. Utilize integral proteins - gap junctions and desmosomes

C. Allow fluid flow of the largest compartment - tight and gap junctions

D. Prevent intracellular fluid flow - desmosomes and gap junctions

A. Allow interstitial fluid flow - desmosomes and gap junctions

Compound A has a higher concentration outside of a typical cell than within it. Which is a correct statement about the diffusion of compound A?

A. If this cell’s size is increased, it will definitely enter the cell faster

B. If the cell’s plasma membrane is increased, it might enter the cell more slowly

C. If it was the only solute present, the cell’s osmolarity is lower than the intracellular fluid

D. Its diffusion will be from its area of lower concentration to higher concentration

B. If the cell’s plasma membrane is increased, it might enter the cell more slowly

Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle make ATP via __ method(s) and do so in __ location(s) within the cell.

A. The same - the same

B. The same - different

C. Different - the same

D. Different - different

B. The same - different

Which is a correct statement about diffusion?

A. It occurs only with solutes as water instead does osmosis

B. Its rate will increase if the surface area between the two area decreases

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

D. Neither statement is correct

Which is a correct statement about a view of the outer surface of a plasma membrane?

A. It will allow some integral proteins to be seen

B. It will not allow the glycocalyx to be seen

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

A. It will allow some integral proteins to be seen

Phys Phab Madelyn dreamed that she was in a room filled only with air that was 100% nitrogen (usually ~79%). She correctly realized that her body

A. Have NADH be her only functioning electron carrier

B. Be making only two ATPs per every glucose

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

C. Both statements are correct

Which is a correct statement about gap junctions?

A. They are formed by connexins from both cells

B. They allow movement of the largest fluid compartment between the two cells

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

C. Both statements are correct

Phys Phab Rae used a Magic Shrink Ray (on the size setting of “Ion”) to become a solute in a large beaker of water. As she moves around in the beaker, she correctly realizes that

A. She will be able to diffuse easily to all areas of the beaker

B. Her movements will quickly change if suddenly ten clones of herself appear in the beaker

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

B. Her movements will quickly change if suddenly ten clones of herself appear in the beaker

While preparing for this assessment, Phellow Physer Oxley correctly told you that a red blood cell that is round like a baseball or basketball

A. Could be surrounded by hypotonic interstitial fluid

B. Cannot be experiencing an osmotic pressure

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

A. Could be surrounded by hypotonic interstitial fluid

Phys Phabs Abby and Max went to a jewelry sale at the Union. Since he forgot his BuckID, Max was not allowed to enter the event room and could only watch from the door as Abby bought a great necklace. While not shopping, Max correctly realized that if both he and Abby were ligands and the event room was their receiving cell, he would be __ and she would bind to __ receptors.

A. Hydrophobic - intracellular

B. Hydrophobic - membrane-bound

C. Hydrophilic - intracellular

D. Hydrophilic - membrane-bound

C. Hydrophilic - intracellular

Phellow Physer Sloopy created which correct statement about the sodium-potassium-ATPase pump?

A. It transports two sodiums to the interstitial fluid

B. It is an example of primary active transport and is a cotransporter

C. It is initially open to the area with the lower potassium concentration

D. It utilizes a single ATP to complete one full cycle

D. It utilizes a single ATP to complete one full cycle

Which is a correct statement about when an extracellular signal binds to an integral protein?

A. This extracellular signal is hydrophobic

B. A high specificity might be present

C. The likelihood of this binding could be decreased by exocytosis activity

D. This integral protein must be transmembrane

D. This integral protein must be transmembrane

During a practice ahead of this week’s big game at the Shoe, Illinois’ Coach Bielema saw a fight break out amongst his linemen. He dropped his pumpkin spice latte and ran over to break it up. During this situation,

A. The smallest category of neurons was not used

B. The coffee drop was done by neurons whose parts are entirely within the central nervous system

C. All three parts of the peripheral nervous system were involved

D. Central terminals released neurotransmitters destined for interneurons

D. Central terminals released neurotransmitters destined for interneurons

Phellow Physer Berry Cafee correctly tells you in the party room that __ are associated with the __

A. Dendrites are - afferent neurons

B. Axon is - axon terminal

C. Dendrites are - axon terminal

D. Axon is - afferent neurons

B. Axon is - axon terminal

Which is a correct statement about receptors that located entirely within the largest fluid compartment?

A. Their ligands are usually lipophilic

B. Some of their ligands require plasma binding proteins to enter these receptor’s cell

C. These receptors are not amphipathic

D. Transcription will definitely be altered

D. Transcription will definitely be altered

Last weekend, GTA Troy burnt his hand grabbing a hot pan on the stovetop. He correctly realized that the neurons detecting the temperature issue

A. Are more numerous than the ones he used to let go of the pan

B. Used dendrites to do the detection

C. Had none of itself within the central nervous system

D. Had its axon both sending and receiving information

D. Had its axon both sending and receiving information

When vesicles are being created, the overall size of the cell will be __ and the cell’s communication options are being __

A. Decreasing - increased

B. Increasing - increased

C. Decreasing - decreased

D. Increasing - decreased

C. Decreasing - decreased

Which is a correct statement about transport across the plasma membrane?

A. Only one compound can be bound to a transporter at a time

B. The Sodium-Glucose Transporters are an example of active transport

C. The sodium-potassium-ATPase pump moves fewer sodiums than potassiums

D. A ligand-gated transporter can be opened by a neurotransmitter

B. The Sodium-Glucose Transporters are an example of active transport

Dr. May Zen Blue has created a toxin that severely lowers the impact of nonpolar ligands in its BuckeyeNation victims. Consequently, Brutus Buckeye correctly realizes that he and the other Buckeye victims

A. Will have the majority of the neurotransmitter communication impacted

B. Could be having their plasma binding proteins being prevented from helping their endocrines

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

B. Could be having their plasma binding proteins being prevented from helping their endocrines

Phellow Physers Carmen Oh and Libby Thompson decide to create play based on carrier-mediated transporters as the characters. Which is a correct statement about one of their characters?

A. Libby could be a primary active transporter modeled after the Sodium-Glucose Transporters

B. Carmen could directly utilize ATP and move only one compound

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

B. Carmen could directly utilize ATP and move only one compound

Phys Phab Mia poured a packet of Stevia (artificial sweetener) into her morning coffee. She correctly realized that Stevia

A. Is an agonist for glucose receptors

B. Binds to intracellular receptors

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

A. Is an agonist for glucose receptors

Which is a correct response that a cell might do as the result of one of its receptors being activated?

A. It changes its shape

B. It changes the amount of glucose it uses

C. It does mitosis

D. All three could be caused by one activation

D. All three could be caused by one activation

Dr. Scarlet is viewing all the parts of some neurons within Patient X’s spine. Finding no problems, the view shows

A. Oligodendrocytes creating the myelin

B. Definitely none of these neurons having their myelin linked together (i.e., across neurons)

C. Dendrites present but not always coming off the neuronal cell bodies

D. All three statements are correct

A. Oligodendrocytes creating the myelin

Which is a correct statement about a typical neuron?

A. Its nucleus is sometimes within the cell body

B. There typically are more dendrites than axons

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

B. There typically are more dendrites than axons

Herky the Hawk was drinking water at the end of a practice. Unfortunately, some of the water went into his lungs. Hearing about this event, Brutus Buckeye correctly told his fellow mascot that the __ did not correctly complete the swallowing of the water.

A. Newest brain part

B. Brainstem

C. Diencephalon

D. Cerebellum

B. Brainstem

When the fire-system sprinklers accidentally went off in the café, Phellow Physer Berry ran back and forth across the café trying to find the off switch. Afterwards, Berry laughed and correctly stated that those actions were like those of

A. A tight junction

B. A chemical synapse

C. AP propagation

D. Bidirectional movement

D. Bidirectional movement

Phellow Physer Oxyley correctly tells you that an increased permeability of a cell’s plasma membrane __ cause ion movement(s) and, when moving via a channel, ions move due to __.

A. Might - diffusion

B. Might - fluid flow

C. Will - diffusion

D. Will - fluid flow

A. Might - diffusion

Along a myelinated axon, the size of the signal being electrically transmitted __ decrease at times and graded potentials will occur __.

A. Will - only under the myelin

B. Will not - only under the myelin

C. Will - all along the axon

D. Will not - all along the axon

C. Will - all along the axon

Phys Phab Ava has a pair of cats that she feeds with feeder that they can activate. The one cat, Peanut, activates the feeder once every hour and on the hour (e.g., 1000). The other cat, Butter, activates it only at 0600 and 1800. In the Party Room, Ava used them correctly as an analogy by stating that

A. Peanut did not complete temporal summations

B. Divergence was occurring on the feeder

C. Only Peanut was an EPSP

D. Spatial summations were not occurring

A. Peanut did not complete temporal summations

Phellow Physers Libby and Sloopy use the Magic Shrink Ray (size setting = ion). Each then attempt to enter a neuron via voltage-gated sodium channels during an action potential. Libby was neither able to enter the channel or the cell. Sloopy was able to enter the channel but not the cell. They correctly realized that Libby’s channel was __ and Sloopy’s channel was __.

A. Inactivated - inactivated

B. Inactivated - closed

C. Closed - closed

D. Closed - inactivated

D. Closed - inactivated

Professor Phabulous was asked about the impact on a synapse if the calcium in the midsized fluid compartment were removed. Professor P. correctly stated that the synapse’s strength would __ because of calcium’s impact on __.

A. Increase - endocytosis

B. Increase - exocytosis

C. Decrease - endocytosis

D. Decrease - exocytosis

D. Decrease - exocytosis

Working on “analyzing” from Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy, Phellow Physer Canvas correctly stated, about graded (GPs) and action potentials (APs), that __ involve depolarization and __ are local events.

A. Only APs - both

B. Only APs - only GPs

C. Both - both

D. Both - only GPs

C. Both - both

In a recent Biochem lab, your classmate Carmen Oh had to place a typical, resting cell into a vial containing a solution that mimics typical interstitial fluid. Carmen that added a small number of ions to the vial. Carmen correctly stated in the lab report that

A. If the addition is of Na⁺, then the cell will depolarize

B. If the addition is of K⁺, then the cell will hyperpolarize

C. If the addition is of Cl^-, then the cell will hyperpolarize

D. Insufficient information is provided to determine the type of change that will occur

B. If the addition is of K⁺, then the cell will hyperpolarize

During a single action potential, which pair of events is in the order of the first one always occurring before the second one?

A. Depolarization then threshold potential

B. Sodium influxes then potassium outfluxes

C. Both series of events are always correct

D. Neither series of events is always correct

B. Sodium influxes then potassium outfluxes

Ion X has a higher concentration outside of cell A. A channel for X is opened in Cell A’s plasma membrane. The resulting net movement for Ion X will be

A. Flow into Cell A

B. Flow out of Cell A

C. Neither enter nor exit cell A

D. Unable to be determined

D. Unable to be determine

Cell X receives two independent stimuli. Although one was greater than the other, both stimuli exceeded the threshold potential. Which is a correct statement about the resulting action potentials?

A. The amplitude of the resulting action potentials will be the same for both stimuli

B. Spatial summation was not used to achieve the action potentials

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

C. Both statements are correct

Phys Phab Bella watched someone practicing their golf swing on the Oval. She realized that, in an ideal world, where each of their swings would identically hit the ball, then the ball would always go the same distance. Consequently, she correct stated that, in this ideal world,

A. The arc of the ball from this person’s 25^th swing would be the same as the 1^st swing’s ball

B. This golf swing would not be an “all-or-nothing” event

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

C. Both statements are correct

GTA Troy visited Congaree National Park (mostly a large, flooded forest) which is known for its large mosquito population. Troy correctly considered himself to be a postsynaptic neuron such that

A. A mosquito’s multiple plunges of its proboscis (aka needle nose) was like temporal summation

B. The later appearing welts indicated that the mosquitoes were like depolarizations

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

C. Both statements are correct

Which is a correct statement about a graded potential?

A. It is a change in the membrane potential for an entire cell

B. It will cause the opening of a voltage-gated channel

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

D. Neither statement is correct

Knowing that he would need his adrenal medulla this Saturday in the Shoe, Maryland’s Testudo learned that is is composed of __ and releases __.

A. Neurons - epinephrine

B. Glandular cells - epinephrine

C. Neurons - acetylcholine

D. Glandular cells - acetylcholine

A. Neurons - epinephrine

Dr. Scarlet has diagnosed Patient X with a pathology that exclusively impacts the largest brain part by weight. Consequently, Dr. S. is correctly concerned that Patient X could now experience issues with

A. Muscle tone

B. Detecting quick visuals

C. Creating speech properly

D. Maintaining homeostasis

C. Creating speech properly

In a physiology lab, Phellow Physer Sloopy was viewing a cross section of a spinal cord with its surrounding bone. Sloopy correctly noted for their classmates that

A. The interneurons were only found within the gray matter

B. The efferent axons were the axons nearest to the processes of the bone

C. The gray matter was in an identical location relative to the white matter as in the brain

D. There were afferent neuron cell bodies in this view

A. The interneurons were only found within the gray matter

When a strong stimulus change is detected, that information is coded as __ action potentials and results in __ neurotransmitter release.

A. More - decreased

B. More - increased

C. Larger - decreased

D. Larger - increased

B. More - increased

Which is a correct statement about receptor designs?

A. The inclusion of a separate receptor cell allows for greater modality

B. The more precise one is our third design form

C. Our first design form has the receptor sending the signal directly to the CNS

D. The different designs have the afferent neuron doing just one job

C. Our first design form has the receptor sending the signal directly to the CNS

Which is a correct statement about acetylcholine?

A. It impact consciousness

B. It is used at all postganglionic synapses

C. It is used by only one autonomic nervous system part

D. It only travels via the mid-sized fluid compartment

D. It only travels via the mid-sized fluid compartment

Entering the Party Room, Phys Phab Lauren stepped on a tack that had dislodged from a wall. While wincing from the pain, she correctly noted that

A. Overlapping of the peripheral terminals for several of her afferents are improving her localization

B. She is feeling the pain because her lateral inhibition is not working properly

C. She can suppress the pain by utilizing her inhibitory somatic efferents

D. The modality being utilized is pressure detection

A. Overlapping of the peripheral terminals for several of her afferents are improving her localization

Effector E is activated by epinephrine. Consequently,

A. The activated ganglia was close to this effector

B. This activation came through the dorsal side of the spine

C. The epinephrine must have travelled through the mid-sized fluid compartment

D. This effector could have been a muscle in the arm

ANY ANSWER

Brutus Buckeye routinely wears a watch on this left wrist. After the victory in Iowa, he realized that he had a mosquito bite next to his watchband. He correctly noted that he is currently not feeling his watch because of __ and could prevent himself from feeling the mosquito bite using __.

A. Inhibitory efferents - mechanical lateral inhibition

B. Lateral inhibition - mechanical lateral inhibition

C. Inhibitory efferents - inhibitory efferents

D. Lateral inhibition - inhibitory efferents

A. Inhibitory efferents - mechanical lateral inhibition

The ganglia need to have two locations so

A. Sympathetic nervous system messages can get to the effectors faster

B. Acetylcholine can be used at both postganglionic synapses

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

D. Neither statement is correct

Which is a correct statement about the efferent nervous system?

A. Its autonomic innervates cardiac muscle

B. Its somatic can excite or inhibit

C. Its afferent has two receptor designs

D. All three statements are correct

A. Its autonomic innervates cardiac muscle

Phellow Physer Carmen Oh badly overslept this morning and severely panicked when realizing they were not going to make this assessment. While frantically running here, they correctly realized that their

A. Cardiac output but not digestive activity was greatly increased

B. Running was being activated by single neurons coming from the spine

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

C. Both statements are correct

Which is a correct statement about the sensory nervous system?

A. A larger graded potential will not cause larger action potentials along the afferent’s axon

B. Afferent neurons associated with a receptor cell will send the message faster than if they worked alone

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

A. A larger graded potential will not cause larger action potentials along the afferent’s axon

Preparing to answer questions in the Party Room, Phys Phab Caitlin created which correct statement that compared or contrasted afferent and efferent neurons?

A. Both of them are able to inhibit other neurons

B. Both of them can have cell bodies within the peripheral nervous system

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

C. Both statements are correct

After working with Professor Phabulous on location coding, a student correctly noted that knowing the location

A. Is independent of knowing the stimulus’ modality

B. Is hindered by an increase in receptive field size

C. Both statements are correct

D. Neither statement is correct

B. Is hindered by an increase in receptive field size