Unit 4: Challenges to and the fall of the Fascist State

What were Mussolini’s two foreign policy goals?

• Ideological: great nation, get what Italy didn’t in ‘mutilated victory’ and warfare bought best out in nation

• Territorial: consolidate empire in Libya and Somalia, gain land, control of Adriatic then Mediterranean (break British/French control over it)

When was the Stresa Front?

What was the Stresa Front?

What was the impact of the Stresa Front?

When was the Abyssinian War?

oct 1935

What happened in the Abyssinian War?

• poisonous gas end of 1935

• 254 aeroplanes

• 595 tanks

• 4.2 mil shells

What were the aims to invade Abyssinia?

• satisfy nationalists

• develop colonies

• demonstrate italys great power

What was the POSITIVE impact of the Abyssinian War?

• great oppotunity for propaganda

• spread catholocism thus approved by church

• grows prestiege

What was the NEGATIVE impact of the Abyssinian War?

• budget deficit rose to 2.5 billion to 16 billion

• currency devalued by 40% in october 1936

• garrisons difficult to maintain 130k iltalian live there and 250k troops stationed

What and when was the Wal Wal Incident?

december 1934: military confrontation at wal wal oasis

made fort at wal wal in 1930 selassie wanted that removedappealed for international support

How many Abyssinian and Italian were killed in the Wal Wal incident?

150

50

By Oct 1935 how many troops were on the Abyssinian border?

220k

When was the Allied Invasion of Sicily? What was its nickname?

july 10th 1943

When was Mussolini deposed and arrested?

25 july 1943

How many German troops managed to escape?

>100k

How many aircraft were released prematurely? How many landed near the objective?

65/175

What did the sea and land invasion entail?

• 150k troops

• 3k ships

• 4k aircrafts

How many German divisions had left Italy?

2

When was the meeting for Grandi’s solution held?

24 july

How many voted in favour of Grandi?

19 to 7

What are some differences between the Republic of Salo and thee Gov of the South?

• salo was republic south was constitutional monarchy

• salo maintained by terror in south no purges

• salo was active in deportation of jews south nothing like that

• anti fascist war fought in salo not south

• salo/ south have different ideologies

What are some similarities between the Republic of Salo and the Gov of the South?

• controlled by foreign power

• little support

• had own divisionn south had 22 salo had 4

• resist conscription

• terror and violence of black brigades and in south of mafia

How many jews were deported under Salo?

9000

What was reformed in the Salo?

Black Brigades