Java Fundamentals and OOP Reviewer

Flashcards covering Java fundamentals, data types, operators, procedural vs OOP concepts, input handling, debugging, and code analysis based on lecture notes.

Java

A high-level, object-oriented, class-based programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.

Oak

The original name of the Java programming language before it was renamed.

James Gosling

The main developer of the Java programming language.

Write Once, Run Anywhere

The main core idea behind Java's design and platform independence.

JVM

Java Virtual Machine; executes Java bytecode and allows the same program to run on different operating systems.

JDK

Java Development Kit; used to develop Java programs.

JRE

Java Runtime Environment; provides the environment needed to run Java programs.

Bytecode

The compiled form of Java source code that is executed by the JVM.

Platform Independent

A Java feature allowing bytecode to run on different operating systems using a JVM.

Robust

A Java feature characterized by exception handling, automatic garbage collection, and strong type checking.

Multithreaded

A Java feature that supports executing multiple tasks or threads concurrently.

Primitive Data Types

The 8 fundamental data types in Java: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, and boolean.

char

A primitive data type used to store a single character enclosed in single quotation marks.

boolean

A primitive data type that holds true or false values.

Variable

A named storage location used to hold data.

Declaration

Specifying the data type and name of a variable without assigning a value.

Initialization

Assigning an initial value to a variable.

Identifier

A name given to variables, methods, classes, or objects/references in Java.

Modulus Operator (%)

An arithmetic operator that returns the remainder of a division operation.

Post-increment (x++)

An operation that uses the current value of x first in the expression, then increments x by 1.

Pre-increment (++x)

An operation that increments x by 1 first before using its updated value in the expression.

Procedural Programming

A programming paradigm that organizes a program around procedures, functions, or sequential instructions (Input -> Process -> Output).

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

A programming paradigm that organizes software around objects and classes.

Class

A blueprint or template for creating objects.

Object

An instance of a class created in memory using the new keyword.

Method

A block of code within a class that performs a specific task.

Reference Variable

A variable that holds the reference or memory location of an object.

Scanner

A Java class commonly used to obtain input from the keyboard.

nextLine()

A Scanner method used to read an entire line of string input.

BufferedReader

A Java class used to read input as a String, requiring explicit parsing to convert into numeric data types.

String Concatenation

The process of joining text and values into a single string using the + operator when a String is present.

Debugging

The process of identifying and correcting errors in a program.

Syntax Error

An error caused by violating language grammar rules, such as omitting a required semicolon.

Type Error

An error caused by assigning a value of an incompatible data type to a variable.

Logic Error

An error where a program compiles and runs, but produces incorrect results due to flawed program logic.

Runtime Error

An error encountered while the program is running, such as dividing by zero leading to an exception.