TTSusan: Rules of Noon Sakinah and Tanween

Flashcards covering definitions, letters, rules, and classifications of Noon Sakinah and Tanween, including Ith’har, Idgham, Iqlab, and Ikhfaa.

Noon Sakinah

A noon which is free from the three vowels ($sakina$), written and pronounced in nouns, verbs, prepositions, and articles; it can be positioned anywhere except as the first letter.

Tanween

An added extra Noon Sakinah that comes at the end of a word, pronounced but not written as noon, and constant in continuous reading but omitted when stopping.

Ith’har Halqi

Linguistically meaning 'clear and obvious', it is the pronunciation of a letter from its articulation point without a prolonged nasal tone when Noon Sakina or Tanween precedes one of the six throat letters.

Ith’har Letters

The six letters of Ith’har are: $ء$, $هـ$, $ع$, $ح$, $غ$, and $خ$.

Highest Level of Ith’har

The level of Ith’har achieved when Noon Sakina is followed by the letters $ء$ or $هـ$.

Middle Level of Ith’har

The level of Ith’har achieved when Noon Sakina is followed by the letters $ع$ or $ح$.

Lowest Level of Ith’har

The level of Ith’har achieved when Noon Sakina is followed by the letters $غ$ or $خ$.

Idghaam

Linguistically meaning 'merging something into something else', it is the merging of a non-voweled letter into a voweled one so they become doubled ($mushaded$) as the second letter.

Letters of Idghaam

The six letters summed up in the word 'Yarmaloon' ($يَرَمَلَونَ$): $ي$, $ر$, $م$, $ل$, $و$, and $ن$.

Complete Idgham (Idgham Kamil)

A type of merging where the letter itself ($ن$) and its characteristic ($ghunna$) are both gone; occurs with letters $ل$ and $ر$ (without ghunna) and $م$ and $ن$ (with ghunna).

Incomplete Idgham (Idgham Naqis)

The merging of the Noon Sakina where the mouth component is cancelled but the characteristic ($ghunna$) remains; occurs with the letters $و$ and $ي$.

Iqlaab

Changing or converting the Noon Sakina or Tanween into a hidden meem ($م$) with a long ghunnah when followed by the letter Baa ($ب$).

Ikhfaa Al-haqiqi

Pronouncing the Noon Sakina or Tanween in a way between Ith’har and Idgham, keeping the nasal sound ($ghunna$) without pressure; involves 15 letters.

Ghunnah

A nasal sound held for approximately $2$ counts.

Highest Ranking of Ikhfaa

Occurs with the letters $ط$, $ت$, and $د$ because their articulation points are closest to the Noon Sakina.

Lowest Ranking of Ikhfaa

Occurs with the letters $ق$ and $ك$ because their articulation points are furthest from the Noon Sakina.

Heavy Ghunnah

The nasal sound quality produced during Ikhfaa when the following letter is a heavy letter (such as $ص$, $ض$, $ط$, $ظ$, $ق$).

Madd Iwad

Compensation madd used when stopping on a word ending with Tanween Fateh, changing the sound to an Alif Maad.