Chapter 6 - Memory

What is memory?

Retaining, retrieving, and using information.

what are the 3 stages of memory?

Sensory → Short-term → Long-term.

what is sensory memory?

Briefly holds information from your senses.

what is iconic memory?

Visual memory (seeing).

what is echoic memory?

Auditory memory (hearing).

what is short-term memory (STM)?

Temporarily holds limited information for 15–30 seconds.

what is chunking?

Grouping information to remember more.

what is encoding?

Getting information into long-term memory.

what is retrieval?

Bringing stored information back to mind.

what are retrieval cues?

Clues that help you remember.

what is maintenance rehearsal?

Repeating information over and over.

what is elaborative rehearsal?

Connecting new information to what you already know.

what is shallow processing?

Focusing on surface details, not meaning.

what is deep processing?

Focusing on meaning and connections.

what is explicit memory?

Memories you consciously remember.

what is implicit memory?

Memory without conscious recall.

what is episodic memory?

Memory of personal experiences.

what is semantic memory?

Memory of facts and knowledge.

what is procedural memory?

Memory of skills (riding a bike).

what is priming?

Past exposure influences a later response.

what is amnesia?

Partial or complete memory loss.

what is retrograde amnesia?

Losing memories from BEFORE an injury.

what is anterograde amnesia?

Difficulty forming NEW memories after an injury.

what is the forgetting curve?

Forgetting is fastest at first, then slows.

who developed the forgetting curve?

Hermann Ebbinghaus.

what is the constructionist theory?

Memories are reconstructed, not exact recordings.

what is the misinformation effect?

Misleading information changes memories.

what is false memory?

Remembering something that didn't happen.

what is reconsolidation?

Storing a memory again after recalling it.

what influences eyewitness testimony?

Familiarity, suggestion, and feedback.