PACOP PINK (Pharmacognosy)

1. In 780 A.D., he described about 600 plants with medicinal properties in his book "De Materia Medica". A. Galen B. Dioscorides C. Seydler D. Fluckiger

B. Dioscorides

2. C.A. Seydler was long thought to be the first person to introduce the term Pharmacognosy. However, recent historical research reveals earlier usage of this term in a book entitled Lehrbuch der Materia medica, which describes the study of medicinal plants and their properties. Who wrote Lehrbuch der Materia medica? A. Pedanios Dioscorides B. Paracelcus C. J.A Schmidt D. Galen

C. J.A Schmidt

3. Papyrus Ebers, a document written in 1550 B.C. was found in the tomb of a mummy, it contained medicinal uses of plants and animals. Which ancient civilization wrote Papyrus Ebers? A. Babylonian B. Lydian C. Egyptian D. Greek

C. Egyptian

4. These are vegetables or animal drugs that consist of natural substances that have undergone only the processes of collection and drying. A. Natural Substances B. Crude Drugs C. Extractives D. Derivatives

B. Crude Drugs

5. What do you call plants growing in their native countries? A. Indigenous B. Naturalized C. Cultivated D. Local

A. Indigenous

6. This is the final step in the preparation of drugs for the commercial market, consisting of the removal of extraneous matter. A. Packaging B. Preservation C. Garbling D. Harvesting

C. Garbling

7. Natural relationship existing among plants and among animals. A. Taxonomy B. Morphology C. Phylogeny D. Classification

C. Phylogeny

8. In the preservation of crude drugs, this method is the simplest in preventing insect, attacks and other form of destruction. A. Exposure of the drugs to a temperature of 65°C B. Use of methyl bromide C. Adding a few drops of chloroform

A. Exposure of the drugs to a temperature of 65°C

9. This refers to the evaluation by means of the sense organs and includes the macroscopic appearance of the drug, odor, taste, sound upon fracture and feel to the touch. A. Physical Analysis B. Chemical Analysis C. Proximate Analysis D. Organoleptic Analysis

D. Organoleptic Analysis

10. The first commercial application of the technique in Pharmacognosy was made by Eli Lilly Company. Using the non-disease producing strain of E. coli, this company produced the hormone A. Glucagon B. Somatostatin C. Insulin D. Somatomedin

C. Insulin

11. Which of the following may influence the secondary constituents of plant drugs? A. Genetic Composition B. Ontogeny C. Environment D. All of the above E. Only A and B

D. All of the above

12. These are products of natural origin many which without therapeutic effect used by the laity in the self-treatment diseases. A. Health foods B. Crude drugs C. Extracts D. All of the above

A. Health foods

13. Which of the following statement is/are true? I. Gums and mucilages are carbohydrates II. Streptomycin is a carbohydrates III. The concentration of secondary metabolites increases with age IV. Biogenesis refers to the study of biochemical pathways leading to the formation of secondary constituents used as drugs. A) III only B) II and II C) I, II and III D) I, II and IV E) I, II and IV

D) I, II and IV

14. Which of the following pairs are correct? A) Reserpine-hypotensive B) Sambong-stomachic C) Bayabas-Diuretic D) Lagundi- Analgesic

A) Reserpine-hypotensive

15. Which of the following statement is correct? A) Synthetic Camphor is levorotatory B) Natural Camphor is dextrorotatory C) Both natural and semisynthetic camphor are racemic D) A and B only E) A and C only

B) Natural Camphor is dextrorotatory

16. Give the proper sequences of the following processes in the preparation of natural drugs. I. Garbling II. Collection III. Drying IV. Harvesting V. Packaging A. III-I-IV-II-V B. II-IV-III-I-V C. II-I-IV-V-III D. IV-I-III-V-II

B. II-IV-III-I-V

17. This classification of drugs considers the natural relationship or phylogeny among plants and animals. A) Taxonomic B) Morphologic C) Zoologic D) A and B only E) A and C only

A) Taxonomic

18. The source of bassorin A) Acacia B) Karaya C) Indian gum D) Tragacanth

D) Tragacanth

19. Mannitol is used pharmacologically as a/an A) Humectant B) Osmotic diuretic C) Anti-infective D) Urologic irritant

B) Osmotic diuretic

20. Which of the following is/are homoglycan(s)? A) Starch B) Inulin C) Gums D) All of the above E) A and B only

E) A and B only

21. The milk left after separation of the cream A) Cheese B) Condensed milk C) Skimmed milk D) Butter milk

C) Skimmed milk

22. Fermentation product from molasses. A) Wine B) Whiskey C) Rum D) Brandy

C) Rum

23. It is also known as the carob pulp or St. John's Bread A) Locust Bean B) Xanthan C) Guar D) Acacia

A) Locust Bean

24. It tastes approximately half as sweet as sucrose and has humectant properties which make it useful ingredients in toothpastes, chewing gums, and dietetic products. A) Mannitol B) Fructose C) Dulcitol D) Sorbitol

D) Sorbitol

25. A pharmaceutic aid in the preparation of collodion and flexible collodion. A) Methylcellulose phthalate B) Soluble guncotton C) Powdered cellulose D) Cellulose acetate

B) Soluble guncotton

26. Gum usually used as a substitute for acacia. A) Ghatti B) Tragacanth C) Karaya D) Algin

A) Ghatti

27. It is also referred to as Japanese Isinglas, and is extensively used as a gel in bacteriologic culture media. A) Carrageenan B) Agar C) Chondrus D) Cydonum

B) Agar

28. Powdered cellulose is the purified, mechanically disintegrated cellulose used as a self-binding tablet diluent and disintegrating agent. Which of the following statements regarding powdered cellulose is correct? A) The purity of cellulose is defined by its solubility in hydrochloric acid. B) The cellulose remaining insoluble is termed alpha-cellulose. C) The greater the quantity of alpha-cellulose present, the higher the quality of the material. D) A and B only E) B and C only

E) B and C only

29. The most important monosaccharides found in plants. A) Hexoses B) Pentoses C) Heptoses D) Octoses

A) Hexoses

30. Which of the following is a source of sucrose? A) Acer saccharum B) Bos Taurus C) Prunus cerasus D) Sorbus aucuparia

A) Acer saccharum

31. Which of the following statement is true? A) Dextrose is alpha-(L)-glucopyranose. B) Dextrose is obtained from controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch. C) Dextrose can only be given PO and IV D) All of the above

B) Dextrose is obtained from controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of starch.

32. This is a product obtained from the incomplete hydrolysis of starch. It is a colorless or yellowish, thick syrupy liquid that is nearly odorless and tastes sweet. A) Liquid dextrose B) Liquid sucrose C) Liquid dextrin D) Liquid glucose

D) Liquid glucose

33. Which of the following pairs are correct? A) Ferrous gluconate- hematinic B) Xylose- laxative C) Lactulose- diagnostic aid D) Both A and C E) All of the above

A) Ferrous gluconate- hematinic

34. Which of the following statement refers to fructose? A) From Honey B) Obtained from the inversion of aqueous solutions of sucrose C) Upon hydrolysis, sucrose yields a higher fructose than dextrose content D) A and B only E) B and C only

D) A and B only

35. In milk processing, the liquid separated from the coagulum is known as A) Condensed milk B) Butter C) Buttermilk D) Whey

D) Whey

36. This is a pentose also known as wood sugar, which is obtained by boiling corn cobs, straw, or similar materials with dilute acid to hydrolyze the polymer. A) Ribose B) Xylose C) Erythose D) Trehalose

B) Xylose

37. Which of the following statement concerning lactulose is true? A) Natural sugar prepared by acidic rearrangement of lactose B) Trisaccharide C) Well absorbed D) Bacteria in the color metabolized it to acetic and lactic acid

D) Bacteria in the color metabolized it to acetic and lactic acid

38. Xylose is used as a/an A) Diuretic B) Pharmaceutic exciptient C) Binder D) Diagnostic Aid

D) Diagnostic Aid

39. In glycolysis, what enzymes is involved in the conversion of 3 phosphoglyceraldehyde to 1,3-Diphosphoglyceric acid? A) Kinase B) Aldolase C) Dehydrogenase D) Isomerase

C) Dehydrogenase

40. Aside from thiamine pyrophosphate, what coenzyme/cofactor aids in the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid with pyruvic acid dehydrogenase? A) NAD B) Lipoic acid C) FAD D) Mg2+

B) Lipoic acid

41. Glucose- 6-PO4 is converted to _____ upon the action of phosphohexose isomerase. A) Glucose-1-phosphate B) Fructose-6-Phosphate C) Fructose-1,6-Diphosphate D) Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

B) Fructose-6-Phosphate

42. Pyruvic acid, upon the action of pyruvic acid decarboxylase yields A) Ethanol B) Lactic Acid C) Methnol D) Acetaldehyde

D) Acetaldehyde

43. Alcohol dehydrogenase acts on acetaldehyde to yield A) Lactic Acid B) Pyruvic Acid C) Ethanol D) All of the above

C) Ethanol

44. Which tricarboxylic acid was first isolated by Scheele in 1784? A) Citric acid B) Tartaric acid C) Lactic acid D) Fumaric acid

A) Citric acid

45. This acid is a byproduct of wine industry. A) Citric acid B) Tartaric acid C) Lactic acid D) Fumaric acid

B) Tartaric acid

46. This acid is used as an acidulant especially in feeding formulas. A) Citric acid B) Tartaric acid C) Lactic Acid D) Fumaric acid

C) Lactic Acid

47. Which of the following may be produced from the process of distillation? A) Whiskey B) Rum C) Brandy D) All of the above E) Only B and C

D) All of the above

48. Which of the following statement is true? A) Wine is sometimes used medically as a mild stimulant and tonic. B) Brandy is used as CNS stimulant C) Whiskey is used as CNS stimulant D) All of the above

A) Wine is sometimes used medically as a mild stimulant and tonic.

49. Which of the following is obtained from Fraxinus ornus L. (Fam. Oleaceae), and is used for its laxative properties? A) Gluciol B) Mannitol C) Sorbitol D) Lactulose

B) Mannitol

50. What is the usual diagnostic dose of mannitol injection? A) 200mg/kg body weight in a 15-25% solution IV in 3-5 minutes B) 50-100g daily in a 5-25% solution by IV infusion C) 200g/kg body weight in a 15-25% solution in 3-5 minutes. D) 50-100kg daily in a 5-25% solution by IV infusion

B) 50-100g daily in a 5-25% solution by IV infusion

51. Which of the following statements pertains to SORBITOL? I. A hexitol from the ripe berries of the mountain ash. Sorbus aucuparia L. (Fam. Rosaceae) II. Twice as sweet as sucrose III. Used in toothpastes and chewing gums because of its humectant property A) III only B) I only C) I-III D) I and III

D) I and III

52. Which of the following statement is true regarding STARCH? I. a-amylase is an enzyme present in pancreatic juice and saliva II. ẞ-amylase hydrolyzes amylase to nearly pure maltose III. Amylase reacts with iodine to form a deep blue complex A) III only B) I only C) I-III D) I and III

C) I-III

53. What do you call the tacky proteins removed from corn and wheat in the preparation of starch? A) Glutens B) Hetastarch C) Embryo D) Germ

A) Glutens

54. This refers to starch that has been mechanically or chemically processed to rupture all or part of the granules in the presence of water. A) Sodium starch glycolate B) Hetastarch C) Pregelatinized starch D) All of the above

C) Pregelatinized starch

55. At what % does pregelatinized serves as a plasma expander? A) 10% B) 20% C) 3% D) 6%

D) 6%

56. What is the use of sodium starch glycolate? A) Disintegrating agent in tablet formation B) Plasma Expander C) Binder D) Thickener

A) Disintegrating agent in tablet formation

57. This is formed from sucrose by the action of a transglucosidase enzyme system present in Leuconostoc mesenteroides. A) Dextran B) Dextrin C) Insulin D) Guar gum

A) Dextran

58. This is an example of a microbial gum. A) Pectin B) Guar gum C) Acacia D) Dextran

D) Dextran

59. This is responsible for the swelling property of tragacanth. A) Bassorin B) Tragacanthin C) Arabin D) Galacturonic acid

A) Bassorin

60. Which of the following statement is correct? A) Pectin-cellulose derivatives B) Karaya-microbial gum C) Algin-marine gum D) Acacia- Seed gum

C) Algin-marine gum

61. Which of the following is a seed gum? A) Algin B) Guar C) Pectin D) Karaya

B) Guar

62. It is the gummy exudates from Sterculia urens and it consists of an acetylated heteropolysaccharide with a high component of galacturonic acid and glucuronic acid residues. A) Karaya gum B) Algin C) Acacia D) Xanthan

A) Karaya gum

63. This is a high molecular weight gum with pseudoplastic properties, which enable it to be used in toothpastes and ointments. A) Guar B) Dextran C) Karaya D) Xanthan

D) Xanthan

64. Which of the following is a microbial gum? A) Dextrin B) Xanthan C) Acacia D) Guar

B) Xanthan

65. This is a dried, hydrophilic, colloidal substance extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum and Gracilaria confervoides. A) Agar B) Algin C) Carrageenan D) Karaya

A) Agar

66. This is a term referring to closely related hydrocolloids that are obtained from various red algae or sea weeds. A) Agar B) Algin C) Carrageenan D) Karaya

C) Carrageenan

67. Carrageenans can be separated into several components. Which of the following types of carrageenan is non-gelling and is more useful as a thickener. A) Kappa B) Lambda C) Inu D) Iota

B) Lambda

68. Which of the following is obtained from Furcellaria fastigiata, a red algae? A) Agar B) Irish moss C) Danish Agar D) Japanese Isinglas

C) Danish Agar

69. This hydrocolloid is a galactomannan obtained from the powdered endosperm of the seed of Cyamopsis tetragonolobus. A) Guar B) Locust Bean C) Psyllium D) All of the above

A) Guar

70. This is used as a chocolate substitute. A) Guar B) Locust bean C) Psyllium D) All of the above

B) Locust bean

71. What is the only form of glycoside that occur in plants? A) Alpha B) Beta C) Gamma D) Sigma

B) Beta

72. Which drug has reduced forms of emodin-type glycosides in its fresh bark? A) Rhubarb B) Danthron C) Cascara sagrada D) Aloe

C) Cascara sagrada

73. What is used to treat cascara sagrada extract to reduce its bitter taste? A) Magnesium oxide B) Calcium carbonate C) Simple Syrup D) Talc

A) Magnesium oxide

74. What is the principal anthraquinone glycoside contained in Aloe barbadensis? A) Chrysophanic acid B) Anthranol C) Barbaloin D) Emodin

C) Barbaloin

75. Which glycosidic drug is cultivated on lands resembling rice paddies? A) Rheum B) Senna C) Chrysazin D) Frangula

A) Rheum

76. What chemical is used to extract 50 to 70% yield chrysarobin form Goa powder? A) Chloroform B) Hot benzene C) Cooled Ethyl Alcohol D) Petroleum Ether

B) Hot benzene

77. Which anthraquinone glycoside is not employed as cathartic? A) Chrysazin B) Rheum C) Buckthorn bark D) Chrysarobin

D) Chrysarobin

78. What type of saponin glycosides are derivatives of steroids with spiroketal side chains? A) Acid saponins B) Alkaline saponins C) Neutral saponins D) None of the above

C) Neutral saponins

79. Which health problem may aggravated by increased consumption of large quantities of licorice? A) Peptic ulcer B) Hypertension C) Hyperthyroidism D) Addison's Disease

B) Hypertension

80. What amygdalin-containing preparation have anticancer claims? A) Vitamin P B) Vitamin B17 C) Vitamin B9 D) Linoleic Acid

B) Vitamin B17

81. What enzyme effects the hydrolysis of sinigrin? A) Myrosin B) Emulsin C) Rutin D) Prunase

A) Myrosin

82. What is the pungent-tasting oil that is produced by the hydrolysis of Sinapis alba? A) Sinalbin B) Mustard oil C) Acrinyl Isothiocyanate D) Allyl isothiocyanate

C) Acrinyl Isothiocyanate

83. What is the alcohol produced by the hydrolysis of Salicin by emulsin? A) Salicylin B) Populin C) Benzoyl salicin D) Saligenin

D) Saligenin

84. Which of the following is TRUE about uva-ursi? A) Available in the form of herbal teas. B) Diuretic C) Weak urinary antiseptic D) All of the above E) A and B only

D) All of the above

85. Which of the following statement is true? A) Sennoside and cascara sagrada are equally potent. B) Sennoside is a more potent laxative than cascara sagrada. C) Sennoside is a less potent laxative than cascara sagrada.

B) Sennoside is a more potent laxative than cascara sagrada.

86. Which of the following statement is/are true about castor oil? A) Castor oil should not be used by pregnant women. B) It works primarily in the large intestine. C) Dehydration is not a problem with the use of castor oil. D) All of the above E) Only A and B

A) Castor oil should not be used by pregnant women.

87. What insoluble red-colored products are produced by the polymerization of tannins? A) Catechin B) Leucocyanidin C) Carotenophenes D) Phlobaphenes

D) Phlobaphenes

88. What color is produced by tannins with potassium ferricyanide and ammonia? A) Dark blue B) Greenish Black C) Deep red D) Yellow

C) Deep red

89. What insect produces the excrescence Nutgall? A) Quercus infectoria B) Cantharis vesicatoria C) Cynips tinctoria D) Rhus chinensis

C) Cynips tinctoria

90. What is a mixture of esters of gallic acid with glucose? A) Gallotannic acid B) Ellagic acid C) Chinese gall D) White Gall

A) Gallotannic acid

91. Which of the following is/are characteristic/s of hydrolysable tannins? A) Consist of gallic acid or related polyhydric compounds esterified with glucose B) Most of the result from the condensation of 2 or more flavan-3-ols or flavan 3,4-diols C) Forms phlobaphenes D) All of the above

A) Consist of gallic acid or related polyhydric compounds esterified with glucose

92. What is the principal constituent of Nutgall? A) Gallic acid B) Ellagic acid C) Resin D) Tannic acid

D) Tannic acid

93. Tannic acid is used mainly as a/an. A) Astringent B) Humectant C) Plasma expander D) Deodorizer

A) Astringent

94. This drug, consisting of dried insects, is widely known as an aphrodisiac. A) Psoralen B) Cantharides C) Tannic Acids D) Uva ursi

B) Cantharides

95. Which of the following is photosensitizing furocoumarin? A) Psoralen B) Cantharides C) Tannic acids D) Uva ursi

A) Psoralen

96. Skimmin, aesculin and coumarin belong to what type of glycosides? A) Saponin B) Anthraquinone C) Lactone D) Cyanogenic

C) Lactone

97. Which of the following is a source of phenol glycosides? A) Uva-ursi B) Coumarin C) Cantharides D) Hamamelitanin

A) Uva-ursi

98. These are complex substances, usually mixtures of polyphenols, which are difficult to separate because they do not crystallize. At present, chromatographic analysis has enabled researchers to study them. A) Steroids B) Glycosides C) Tannins D) Alkaloids

C) Tannins

99. Which of the following is/are phenolic glycoside? A) Arbutin B) Hesperidin C) Phloridzin D) All of the above

D) All of the above

100. Which of the following is a degradation product of penicillin-type antibiotics? A) Heparin B) Protamine Sulfate C) Penicillamine D) Microfibrillar collagen

C) Penicillamine