ID 2202 Exam 2 - Jugendstil, Secessionstil, Wiener Werkstatte, Early Modernism

Karlsplatz station, 1898

-Otto Wagner

-Vienna

-Jugendstil (Austrian Art Nouveau)

-Jugendstil is German for “youth style“, something new and innovative

-Centerpoint of the urban rail network

-No longer used for public access, treated as a muesem

-Sunflower as the ornamental language

• in gilt stenciling applied to the marble slabs

• symmetry and repititon

• in bronze and iron 3D patterns along the rails and roofline

  • vitalism

• decorative effects only applied to the surface (applied ornament)

-geometric structure

• rectangles on each side

• mounted by circular arch

• central axis

• symmetrical

Otto Wagner

-architect working in both Jugendstil and a later style, Wiener Werkstatte

-Lecturer in architecture

• published a textbook entitled Modern Architecture, in which he expressed his ideas about the role of an architect in developing “modernist styles“

  • Emphasized doing something new and using new materials like glass and aluminum

  • Built structures that were also natural idealized

-interested in urban planning, designed a new city plan for Vienna

• Designed an urban railway system called Stadtbahn

Majolica House, 1923

-Otto Wagner

-Vienna

-Jugendstil (Austrian Art Nouveau)

-majolica: clay tiles that are painted with a tin-based glaze that emergence as white when fired

-applied ornament

• flowers, vines

• symmetric

• carefully arranged

-flat walls, square windows

Vienna Secession

-Otto Wagner and other designers were tired of the Jugendstil style and wanted to try a new style

-Published a journal called Ver Sacrum (“Scared Spring“)

-a new beginning

Secession Building, 1898

-Josef-Maria Olbrich

-Vienna

-Secessionstil

-represented the manifesto of the new style

-display space for artworks for this new style

-wanted to be more than just design and paintings but an integration of various arts: music, poetry, sculpture, etc

-a venue for various arts

-commissioned Olbrich to design it

-geometric structure

• rectangles on each side

• mounted by circular arch

• central axis

• symmetrical

-dome like structure with gilded leaves

• not structual

• open dome

• 3000 gold-plated leaves

• 700 berries

• Not attached to the building below

• applied ornament

• metal-wotking workshop contributing the dome

• natural idealized

-Poetry group

• adding text on the building that is poetric

• “to every age its art and to art, its freedom”

• freedom to use new art forms

• announcing the new transition

-Sculpture group

• sculpted three masks which represent the architectural, sculptural, and pictorial arts

-Owls

• Reference to the industrial arts

-three-dimensional work to one-dimensional

• sculptural dome to painted gilding on the tile

• metalwork to tile

-graphic design group using the same leaf motif and making it black and white

Famous exhibit: Exhibit about Beethoven

• April-June 1902

• Gustav Mahler performed “Ode to Joy“

• Max Klinger made a Beethoven sculpture

• Gustav Klimt made a Beethoven painting frieze painted directly on the wall absed on the Ode to Joy

  • choir symbole

  • floating images to represent musical sounds

  • white=silence

Josef Hoffmann

-student of Otto Wagner

-put together the main aesthetic for the Wiener Werkstatte

-avoid completely atural/organic patterns derived from nature

-called for geometrical ornament

• focus on rhythms

  • reptitions

  • part-to-whole comparisons

• squares and circles

Postal Savings Bank, 1906

-Otto Wagner

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-geometrical structural

• flat walls

• square windows

-geometric ornament

• patterning on the building

• marble blocks with iron bolts capped with aluminum, circles that form into squares

• repititions

• part-to-whole comparisons

  • one square is a part of a bigger square, which is a part of a bigger square

-absence of natural/organic patterns derived from nature

-minimalistic

-focus on geometry

-simple shapes

-reduction of materials

-symmetrical interior

• new materials that he mentioned in his book

• glass in the ceiling and glass in the flooring to let the light to flow through

• aluminum to cap all of the iron rivets on the outside as well as the inside on posts

• repitiron

• part-to-whole comparison

  • interior to exterior, copying those patterns

Interior chair, Postal Savings Bank, 1906

-Otto Wagner

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-Gesamtkunstwerk: total work of art

-designing furniture exactly for this space

-using similar materials and techniques as the building it is in

• aluminum covered rivets

-everything repeating and everything matching

-manufactured by the Thonet Brothers

• steam-formed bentwood with applied aluminum strips, bolts, and feet

Palais Stoclet, 1905-11

-Josef Hoffmann

-Brussels

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-geometrical structure

• reptitive

• stitching ornament

  • appears on the edges

  • checkboard pattern

  • frames the shapes

-Gesamtkunstwerk: total work of art

• tiles are checkboard on the floor

• abundance of circles everywhere

“Tree of LIfe“ mural, Palais Stoclet, 1905-11

-Gustav Klint

-Brussels

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-for the dining room in the Palais Stoclet

-tree becomes a geometrical form

• repetition of circular shapes

• part/whole comparison

-female is set up as triangle and made up of triangles

-male has a circular gesture and is predominantly made of circles

Purkersdorf Sanatorium, 1906

-Josef Hoffmann

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-Sanatorium: for the treatment of tubercolisis

-geometrical strucutre

• applied ornament

• geometrical patterns

• stitching ornament

-Gesamtkunstwerk: total work of art

• designed the lighting, furniture, silverware

Chair, Purkersdorf Sanatorium, 1906

-Josef Hoffmann

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-no natural patterns

-3 forms a circle

• cutouts

• spheres

• cylinders for the legs

-rhythms from geometrical ornament

• repetition with the cutouts on the back

• aprt/whole comparison, take a slice out the cynlinder you would have a circle

"Sitting Machine" for Purkersdorf Sanatorium, 1906

-Josef Hoffmann

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-Could be adjusted based on back’s needs

-rhytyms

• reptition

• part/whole comparison

  • complete spheres adn the cutout for the nobs in the back

Purkersdorf Chair, 1901

-Koloman Moser

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-rhythms for gemeotrical ornament

• repetition, checkboard pattern

• part//whole comparison, checkboard pattern wihtin a square

Desk for Palais Stoclet, 1911

-Koloman Moser

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-can configure the shape you want based on need

-if fully consolidated, would become one big cube

-geometrical ornament

-rhythms:

• repetiton

• part/whole comparison

• stitching ornanment

  • circles within circles

Ladies writing desk, 1903

-Koloman Moser

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-square within square within square

-if fully consolidated, would become one big cube

-geometrical ornament

-rhythms:

• repetiton

• part/whole comparison

Perforated Aluminum tabletop Designs, 1905

-Josef Hoffmann

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-gemetrical ornament

-rhythms:

• repitiron

• part/whole comparison

-stark contrast to the Art Nouveau

Textile Designs, 1901-2

-Josef Hoffmann

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-focus on geometric ornament

-rhythms:

• repetiton

• part/whole comparison

Clock, 1906

-Josef Urban

-Vienna

-Wiener Werkstatte (Viennese Workshops)

-ciricular face and smaller cirlces wihtin the main circle

-focus on geometric ornament

-rhythms:

• repetiton

• part/whole comparison

-trinagular shape with smaller triangles inside of it

Steiner House, 1910

-Adolf Loos

-Vienna

-Early Modernism

-geometrical structure

-absence of ornament (geometrical or natural patterns)

-Wrote a book, Ornament as a Crime

• outgrown ornament

-focus on “new, modern lifestyle“

-Plan of volumes

-No eyebrow windows

-squares withing sqaures

-windows wirh no eyebrows