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Personification

Giving human qualities, actions, or feelings to something non-human (an animal, object, or idea).

Simile

A comparison between two unlike things using "like" or "as".

Metaphor

A direct comparison saying one thing is another, without using "like" or "as".

Alliteration

The repetition of the same first consonant sound in nearby words.

Consonance

The repetition of consonant sounds (especially inside or at the end of words) in nearby words.

Assonance

The repetition of vowel sounds in nearby words.

Hyperbole

Deliberate, extreme exaggeration used for emphasis or effect, not meant literally.

Imagery

Descriptive language that appeals to the five senses to create a picture in the reader's mind.

Situational Irony

When what actually happens is the opposite of what was expected.

Dramatic Irony

When the audience or reader knows something crucial that a character does not.

Verbal Irony

When a speaker says the opposite of what they actually mean.

Anaphora

Repeating the same word or phrase at the start of several clauses, sentences, or lines.

Juxtaposition

Placing two contrasting things side by side to highlight their differences.

Symbolism

Using an object, person, or event to represent a deeper idea beyond its literal meaning.

Motif

A recurring image, idea, or element in a work that helps develop its theme.

Theme

The central message or underlying idea about life that a work explores.

Rhyme

Correspondence of sound between words or line endings, especially in poetry.