Neurological disorders and conditions (1–25)

cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Sudden brain damage caused by reduced blood flow; commonly called a stroke.

coma

State of deep unconsciousness from which one cannot be roused.

concussion

Injury from a violent blow or shock; may cause loss of consciousness.

confusion

Reduced ability to understand, reason, and respond appropriately.

contrecoup injury

Brain damage on the side opposite the point of impact when the brain hits the skull.

convulsion

Violent, involuntary muscle contractions.

dementia

Gradual and usually irreversible loss of intellectual function.

embolism

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or other material.

encephalitis

Inflammation of the brain.

epidural hematoma

Accumulation of blood between the skull and dura mater.

epilepsy

Chronic condition involving repeated sudden electrical activity in the brain, causing seizures.

glioma

Tumor of neuroglial cells.

hemiparesis

Partial paralysis or weakness on one side of the body.

hemiplegia

Paralysis of one side of the body.

hydrocephalus

Excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in or around the brain.

insomnia

Insufficient or poor-quality sleep despite having time to sleep.

meningioma

Tumor of the meninges.

meningitis

Inflammation of the meninges.

multi-infarct dementia (MID)

Dementia caused by multiple small strokes, leading to progressive loss of memory and thinking abilities.

multiple sclerosis (MS)

Progressive disease involving loss of myelin in the CNS.

narcolepsy

Brief, uncontrollable episodes of sleep during the day.

neurilemmoma

Tumor of a peripheral nerve sheath; also called schwannoma.

paralysis

Temporary or permanent loss of function.

parkinsonism

Disorder causing slow movements, tremors, rigidity, and a mask-like face.

seizure

Sudden attack of abnormal electrical activity in the brain.