Head and Neck

fissure

narrow, slitlike opening; an elongated cleft

foramen

round or oval opening through the bone; passageway for blood vessels and or nerves

fossa

shallow and may serve as an articular surface

sulcus/meatus/canal

canal-like passageway through the substance of bone

sinus or atrium

cavity (or chamber) within a bone, normally filled with air

groove

furrow

process

any projection or bump

ramus

an extension of a bone making an angle to the rest of the structure

petrous portion

very dense bone holds hearing organs

mandible

ramus

condyle

anglebody

coronoid process

alveolar margin

mental foramen

mandibular foramen

lingula

Cranial Nerve that controls the muscles of facial expression

Cranial Nerve VII; facial nerve

pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis

a lung disease caused by inhaling very fine ash and sand dust

Buccinator

compresses cheek as drinking through a straw

orbicularis oculi

closes eye

nasalis

compresses bridge of nose

depressor labii inferioris

depresses lower lip

levator labii superioris

elevates lip

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

flaring of nostrils and raise lip (snarl)

orbicularis oris

compress lips together “kissing muscle”

levator anguli oris

raise mouth as in smiling

depressor anguli oris

pulls mouth down as in sad and frowning

zygomaticus majorant minor

raise mouth sinsmiling

risorius

draws corners of mouth laterally, grimace

mentalis

elevates and protrudes lower lip

idiopathic

no known cause

(for the majority) minor muscles are _____ or _____ the major

superior ; above

mastication

act of chewing

deglutition

act of swallowing

eructation

burping

borborygmus

a rumbling, growling, or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas and fluid through the intestines.

muscles of facial expression

occipitofrontalis

temporoparietalis

occipitofrontalis

frontal belly (frontalis) - wrinkles forehead

occipital belly (occipitalis) - tenses scalp

temporoparietalis

moves auricle of ear (“ear wiggles”)

extra-ocular muscles - extrinsic eye muscles (muscles that control eye movement)

medial and lateral rectus muscles

superior and inferior rectus muscles

superior and inferior oblique muscles

Cranial Nerves for Extra-ocular Muscles

LR6SO4/3 -

lateral rectus (CN VI)

superior oblique (CN IV or trochlea)

everything else (CN III)

Superior rectus

upwards

superior oblique

down and away (Cheating muscle)

medial rectus

inwards

inferior rectus

downwards

inferior oblique

up and away

lateral rectus

outwards

muscles of mastication

masseter

temporalis

medial and lateral pterygoids

cranial nerve for mastication

CN V, trigeminal nerve

Clinical test for Mastication

bite down & palpate master & temporalis

styloid process

fang like bone underneath ear

hyoid bone

found anterior to C3, third cervical vertebrae

(greater horn and lesser horn)

C1: atlas

cervical

anterior arch with tubercle

posterior arch with tubercle

lateral mass

transverse process

transverse foramen (vertebral artery)

holds up head

brings blood to brain

2 internal corotid

2 vertebral artery

c2: axis or epistropheus

• odontoid or dens

• transverse foramen

• transverse ligament (atlas)

C1 and C2 are ____

atypical

C1 and C2 allow you to ____

rotate head

Up and down head movement is

C1 and skull

space between atlas and dens is

atlantodental interval (ADI) or predental space

strap muscles

anchoring of trachea

types of anterior muscles of the neck

suprahyoid and infrahyoid

suprahyoid

• mylohyoid

• geniohyoid

• stylohyoid

• digastric

infrahyoid

• thyrohyoid

• omohyoid

• sternohyoid

• sternothyroid

mylohyoid (suprahyoid)

deep to the digastric

geniohyoid (supra hyoid)

deep to the mylohyoid

digastric (suprahyoid)

anterior and posterior belly

thyrohyoid (infrahyoid)

attached to the sternothyroid and hyoid bone

omohyoid (infrahyoid)

superior and inferior belly

sternohyoid (infrahyoid)

deep to the omohyoid

sternothyroid (infrahyoid)

deep to the sternohyoid

sternoclaidomastoid

a large, paired superficial muscle running obliquely down the sides of the neck from the base of the skull to the collarbone and breastbone

TOSS My Gravy Spoon Darling

TOSS (infra: thyrohyoid, omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid)
My Gravy Spoon Darling (supra: Mylohyoid, Geniohyoid, Stylohyoid, Digastric)

common carotid artery

• split into internal and external artery

• (common means it will split; bifraction and trifurcation)

• bring oxygenated blood into the brain

internal jugular vein

drain deoxygenated blood and waste from the brain

vagus nerve

• cranial nerve X

• the longest and most widely distributed nerve in the autonomic nervous system, connecting the brain stem to the heart, lungs, and digestive tract

three best friends

• vagus nerve, common carotid artery, and internal jugular vein

• wrapped in a sheet or membrane called carotid sheath

internal carotid arteries

• anterior cerebral aa

• middle cerebral aa

• posterior communicating aa

basilar artery

• posterior cerebral aa

• superior cerebellar aa

• anterior inferior cerebellar aa

vertebral arteries

• anterior spinal artery

• posterior inferior cerebellar aa

• dorsal spinal aa

pontine

blood supply to pons

Labrynthine

follows CNB for hearing

SAP

come from vertebral and feed cerebellum

• superior cerebellar

• Anterior inferior cerebellar

• posterior inferior cerebellar

internal carotid

artery blood to brain

basilar

formed from vertebral

vertebral

artery

blood to brain

anastomosis

artery joins another in a circuit

What blood vessel feeds the back side of the cerebellum from underneath?

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

circle of willis

• anterior cerebral

• anterior communicating

• opthalmic

• middle cerebral (primary motor and somatosensory cortex)

• internal carotid

• posterior communicating

• posterior cerebral

• cerebral arterial circle

• superior cerebellar

• basilar

• anterior inferior cerebellar

• labyrinthine artery

• posterior inferior cerebellar

• vertebral

• anterior spinal

stroke

blockages cause by plague

thrombosis

stationary clot

emboli

moving clot

sinus

drain and collect blood to bring it to internal jugular

mater

mother

meninges

three protective membrane layers that cover and support the brain and spinal cord

pia mater

(delicate mother) contacts brain, deepest one

arachnoid layer

cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) contained here

dura mater

(tough mother) thick layer that protects brain

folding of the dura mater sinuses to collect blood flow

collection of blood in brain

confluence of sinuses

how does blood leave the brain

superior sagittal sinus and inferior sagittal sinus →

drains into transverse sinus →

sigmoid sinus →

out internal jugular vein →

blood drains from brain

Anterior Triangle

• Submental

• Submandibular

• Carotid

• Muscular

Posterior Triangle

• Occipital triangle

• Supraclavicular

What muscle are the two triangles of the neck separated by?

sternocleidomastoid muscle

OINA

• origin (attached to stationary bone)

• insertion (attached to moving bone)

• nerve

• action

OINA SCM

• Origin- sternum and clavicle

• Insertion- mastoid

• Nerve- Crania Nerve 11

• Action- cervical flexion (decreasing joint angle of neck) - SCM contraction turns head contralaterally

ipsilateral

same site

contralateral

opposite site