Lab 7: Respiration Vocab

Oxidation

a chemical reaction that consists of an electron being donated by an atom

Reduction

a chemical reaction that consists of an electron being gained by an atom

Glycolysis

the process of breaking glucose into two three-carbon molecules with the production

of ATP and NADH

In the cytoplasm.

Reactant of glycolysis

Glucose

Products of glycolysis

2 Pyruvate

2 ATP

2 NADH

Citric acid cycle

a series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions of central importance in all

living cells that harvest the energy in carbon-carbon bonds of sugar molecules to generate ATP; is an aerobic metabolic pathway because it requires oxygen in later reactions to proceed

Mitochondrian matrix

Reactant of CAC

Pyruvate Acid + 2 CoA
2 NAD⁺

Product of CAC

4 CO₂

2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH₂

Electron Transport Chain

a series of four large, multi-protein complexes embedded in the inner

mitochondrial membrane that accepts electrons from donor compounds and harvests energy from

a series of chemical reactions to generate a hydrogen ion gradient across the membrane

Inner membrane of mitochondria

ETC Reactants

10 NADH
2 FADH2
oxygen

ETC Products

Water
32-34 ATP

Chemiosmosis

the movement of hydrogen ions down their electrochemical gradient across a membrane through ATP synthase to generate ATP

Chemiosmosis reactants

H+ gradient

ATP synthase

Chemiosmosis products

32-38 ATP

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

the use of oxygen as an electron acceptor to complete metabolism

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

the use of an electron acceptor other than oxygen to complete metabolism using electron transport-based chemiosmosis

Fermentation

the steps that follow the partial oxidation of glucose via glycolysis to regenerate NAD+; occurs in the absence of oxygen and uses an organic compound as the final electron

acceptor.

Alcohol fermentation

the steps that follow the partial oxidation of glucose via glycolysis to regenerate NAD+ and produces the products ethanol and carbon dioxide

Lactic Acid Fermentation

The steps that follow the partial oxidation of glucose via glycolysis to regenerate NAD+ and produces the products lactic acid

Equation for aerobic cellular respiration:

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + ~32 ADP + 32P —→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O+ ~32ATP

Alcoholic Fermentation (Yeast & Plants):

• C₆H₁₂O₆ —→ 2C₂H₅O + 2CO₂

Lactic Acid Fermentation (Animals & Bacteria):

C₆H₁₂O₆ —→ 2C₃H₆O₃