Endocrine System Chapter: 20

What is the Adrenal Gland’s location?

superior to the kidney

What are the products of the Adrenal Gland

• corticosteroids

• epinephrine/ norepinephrine

what are the effects of corticosteroids

“salt, fat and sex”

• electrolyte type/amount

• lipid metabolism

• minor sex hormone

what are the effects to epinephrine/norepinephrine

“fight or flight response”

• increased heart rate

• dilated pupils

• down-regulates secretion/digestion

• many more

what is the location of the pancreas?

pancreatic islets

what are products of the pancreas?

insulin and glucagon

what are the effects of insulin to the pancreas?

sugar uptake

what are the effects of glucagon to the pancreas?

sugar release

what is the clinical significance of the pancreas?

diabetes

What is the location of the Gonads?

• female: pelis

• male: scrotum

What are the products of the Gonads?

estrogen, progesterone, testosterone

what are the effects of the gonads

secondary sex characteristics

what is the location of the posterior pituitary gland?

inferior to the brain, sella turcica

what are the products of the posterior pituitary gland?

antidiuretic hormone (ADH, Vasopressin) and Oxytocin

What are the effects of ADH/vasopressin?

• increase water retention

• vasoconstriction

what are the effects of oxytocin?

• smooth muscle contractions

• lactation

what is the clinical significance of the posterior pituitary gland?

nervous tissue

What is the location of the anterior pituitary gland

inferior to the brain, sella turcica

what are the products of the anterior pituitary gland

• follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

• luteinizing hormone (LH)

• Growth hormone (GH)

what are the effects of all the products of the anterior pituitary gland

regulate other endocrine glands

what are the effects of LH and FSH

regulate gonads

what are the effects of GH

promotes growth

what is the clinical significance of the anterior pituitary gland

glandular tissue

what is the location of the pineal gland?

the brain

what is the product of the pineal gland?

melatonin

what are the effects of melatonin?

circadian rhythm (24hr bed clock) and sexual maturation

what is the location of the thymus?

thorax/heart

what are the products of the thymus?

thymopoietin and thymosin

what is the effect of products of the thymus?

maturation of the t-lymphocytes (immunity

what is the location of the thyroid gland?

inferior to larynx, butterfly shaped, lobed

what is the product of the thyroid gland?

thyroid hormone

what are the effects of the thyroid hormone?

• increases metabolism

• oxygen use

• growth

• energy use

• promotes development

what is the clinical significance of the thyroid gland?

Goiter

• overgrowth of thyroid

• insufficient iodine

• ineffective thyroid hormone

what is the location of the parathyroid gland?

posterior to the thyroid (four small nodules)

what is the product of the parathyroid gland?

parathyroid hormone

what are the effects of the parathyroid hormone?

promotes

• calcium release from bone

• calcium uptake from food

• calcium recovery from filtrate in kidneys

what is the endocrine gland?

a ductless bloodstream that produces hormones

what is negative feedback?

stable, decreases, reverses, or dampens

what is positive feedback?

unstable, increases, reinforces, or amplifies