What do all biotic chemicals need to have

one carbon hydrogen bond

Carbon’s Friends

• Hydrogen (H)

• Oxygen (O)

• Nitrogen (N)

• Sulfur (S)

• Phosphorus (P)

abiogenesis

creation of org materials from inorganic

Microbe

an organism too small to be seen by the naked eye

Prokaryotes

a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane bound nucleus or any other membrane bound organelles

Organelles

“organs” of the cell that perform specific functions

nuclei

area in the center of the cell that holds DNA

Bacteria

single celled prokaryotic microbes

Archaea

other group of single celled prokaryotic microbes, known for surviving in tough conditions

Eukaryotes

organisms which have nuclei and membrane bound organelles

Protists

eukaryotes that are not plants, animals, or fungi

Endosymbiotic Theory

A eukaryotic cell engulfed a smaller prokaryote and entered into a mutually beneficial relationship

Commensalism

When one organism benefits and the other is not affected (or at least we think is unaffected)

Chemoautotrophs

Organisms that utilize inorganic compounds/elements to produce organic compounds

Heterotrophs

Organisms that ingest organic compounds made by autotrophs or other heterotrophs (consumers)

Fermentation

Biochemical process that gets energy from carbohydrates that does not require oxygen (anaerobic) Lactobacillus common bacteria

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Takes sugar (glucose) to make lactic acid

Disease

A disorder of structure or function in an organism, especially one that has a known cause and a distinctive group of symptoms

Two Types of Toxins

Endotoxins

Mostly based on lipids and sugars

Only released into the host if the bacterial cell ruptures (lysis)

Can cause septic shock

Exotoxins

Mostly proteins

Produced and secreted as a defense

Ex. Botulinum toxin

Protists

Eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi

Protists examples

Kelp, malaria, ameobas, fungi, yeast