CH. 4-6 Flashcard Set Review
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63 Terms
What was the Halfway Covenant?
Act which provided that descendants of church members could be admitted as full members (except for communion participation)
What did John and Charles Wesley do?
They started the Methodist Revival (Methodist Denomination)
Who was Jonathan Edwards?
He preached the most famous sermon in American history (Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God)
He is remembered as colonial America’s foremost theologian
Who was George Whitefield?
He is remembered as the most powerful voice of the great awakening
Who was David Brainerd?
He was the best-known missionary to the Native Americans
Who was Phillis Wheatly?
She was the first black female writer in America
How did the Great Awakening promote religious freedom?
Separation of church and state (churches function best without government intervention)
How did the Great Awakening prepare the colonists for political freedom?
Religion did not determine eligibility for political activity
All men deserve equal justice under the law
What did George Washington attempt during the French and Indian War?
He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne (The French won though)
Who was Edward Braddock?
He was the main general over the course of the French and Indian war (Replaced by WIlliam Pitt the Elder)
What battle during the French and Indian War took place around the St. Lawrence river (it was the most important British victory)?
The battle for Fort Quebec
What did the Treaty of Paris of 1763 do?
This treaty ended the French and Indian War
Who lost the most from the French and Indian War?
France lost the most
What did Spain lose from the French and Indian War?
They lost Spain
What were the main differences between the colonists and the British after the French and Indian War?
Longer lasting influence from Great Awakening
Colonists fought to protect their home, while the British fought for pay
The colonists had not experienced famine; the health of the colonists was superior to that of the British
What did the mercantile theory state?
Gold and silver is the measure of a nation’s wealth
Any colonies a nation has only exist to benefit the mother country
Who was Pontiac?
He led an uprising (Pontiac’s Conspiracy) that proved protecting the colonists from Native Americans would be expensive
What are writs of assistance?
Basically master key version of search warrants; they allowed British officials to serach any place at any time for contraband
What did the Stamp Act of 1765 do?
This act forced the colonists to buy stamps/seals for any kind of document they bought
This was among the most egregious of the acts
Who led the Sons of Liberty?
Samuel Adams
Who led the protests against the Stamp Act?
John Adams
When did the Stamp Act Congress convene?
It convened in 1765
Who was Edmund Burke?
He defended the colonies in parliament, saying that they must be dealt as distinct from Great Britain
What was Charles Townshend’s logic with taxing the colonies?
He thought that the colonists only opposed internal taxes. Therefore, they would not oppose external taxes
Who was John Dickinson?
He wrote Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania to the Inhabitants of the British Colonies
Who was Lord Frederick North?
He was the British Prime minister who urged the repeal of the Townshend Acts
During the time of the intolerable acts, what act was not apart of the intolerable acts?
The Quebec Act
When did the First continental Congress convene?
It convened 1774
Who was Patrick Henry?
He said “Give me liberty, or give me death.”
What battle started the War for Independence?
The Battle of Lexington
When did the War for Independence begin?
April 19, 1775
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
Basically the colonists’ last effort at achieving peace with Great Britain
What was Britain’s (King George III’s) response to the Olive Branch Petition?
The Proclamation of Rebellion
The Prohibitory Act
What did Thomas Jefferson do?
He led the committee that prepared the Declaration of Independence
When was the declaration of Independence adopted?
July 4, 1776
Who wrote Commentaries on the Laws of England?
William Blackstone
What is the main difference between Blackstone;s and Locke’s foundation?
Locke based his principles on reason, while Blackstone based them on the will of God
What were the Patriot’s advantages during the War for Independence?
Experienced military leaders
British hindrances
Knowledge of the land
Motivation from defending their home
Foreign aid
What were the European military leaders that helped the American’s during the War for Independence?
Marquis de Lafayette
Baron von Steuben
Baron de Kalb
Thaddeus Kosciuszko
Casimir Pulaski
Who was Robert Morris?
-He helped bring America on a good financial basis by using his own resources and obtaining a loan from France.
-Superintendence of finance
-War for independence
Who was Haym Salomon?
He was a Polish Jew who ran brokerages and contributed money to the Patriot cause
When did the battle of Trenton take place?
Christmas night 1776
Who was Nathan Hale?
He was a school teacher who, under the disguise of a Dutch schoolteacher, was hanged by the British while trying to relay information to George Washington
What key point was Benedict Arnold planning on surrendering?
He was planning on giving up West Point
What is the importance of the Battle of Saratoga?
It was the turning point in America’s War for Independence
Why was George Washington and his men forced to go to Valley Forge?
The British had occupied Philadelphia
Who was Horatio Gates?
He was the main general during the Battle of Saratoga
Who was Sir Henry Clinton?
He replaced General Howe as the commander in chief of the British forces in America
How long did George Washington’s army contain Clinton’s forces in New York?
Contained the forces for three years
Who was John Paul Jones?
He is the best-known naval heroes of the War for Independence
What was Fancis Marion’s nickname?
The “Swamp Fox”
What was Thomas Sumter’s nickname?
The “Game Cock”
What was Nathanael Greene’s nickname?
The “Fighting Quaker”
Who was Comte de Rochambeau do?
(French commander) He helped Washington’s army lay siege to Yorktown
What was the importance of the Battle of Yorktown?
By winning this Battle, American Independence was virtually won
What did the Treaty of Paris 1783 do?
This treaty ended the war for independence
What did Spain get out of the War for Independence?
It regained Florida
Who was George Grenville?
-He was the British Prime minister who issued the series of acts that included the Stamp Act of 1765.
-He did this, in stride with George III, to tighten control over the colonies
What are the years of the Great Awakening?
1730s-1740
When did the French and Indian War officially end?
-1763
-1753-1760 America
-1756-1763 Europe
When did the Boston Tea Party take place?
1773
When did the Battle of Yorktown take place?
1781
When did the Battle of Saratoga take place?
1777