Functional Group Chart Flashcards

A comprehensive collection of vocabulary flashcards covering hydrocarbons, oxygen-containing, nitrogen-containing, carbonyl-containing, and other functional group categories from the Functional Group Chart.

Alkane

A hydrocarbon characterized by a lack of other functional groups, containing only single bonded carbon and hydrogen.

Alkyl

A substituent consisting of only single bonded carbon atoms.

Alkene

A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon double bond; R can be carbon chains or hydrogen.

Alkyne

A hydrocarbon containing a carbon-carbon triple bond; R can be carbon chains or hydrogen.

Arene

A hydrocarbon with alternating carbon-carbon single and double bonds in a ring; can have multiple R groups.

Hydrocarbons Chart

A visual overview showing the chemical structures for alkane, alkene, alkyne, and arene functional groups.

Alcohol

An $\text{OH}$ group with an R group attached, where R is a carbon chain, but not a carbonyl ($\text{C=O}$).

Ether

An oxygen with R groups attached; R is a carbon chain, but not a carbonyl ($\text{C=O}$), and R groups can be the same or different.

Epoxide

A three-membered ring with oxygen (cyclic ether), where R groups can be carbon chains or hydrogen.

Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups Chart

A visual overview showing structures for alcohol, ether, and epoxide functional groups.

Amine

A nitrogen atom with three R groups attached; at least one R must be a carbon chain, but not a carbonyl. R groups can be the same or different.

Azide

Three nitrogen atoms double bonded with one R group attached.

Nitrile

A carbon-nitrogen triple bond with one R group attached.

Cyano

The name used when the nitrile group is a substituent as part of a larger structure.

Nitrogen-Containing Functional Groups Chart

A visual overview displaying structures for amine, azide, and nitrile functional groups.

Aldehyde

A carbonyl ($\text{C=O}$) with one R group and one hydrogen attached.

Ketone

A carbonyl with two R groups attached, where R groups can be the same or different.

Ester

A carbonyl with one R group and one $\text{OR}$ group attached; the R group attached to oxygen must be a carbon group, and R groups can be the same or different.

Carboxylic Acid

A carbonyl with one R group and one $\text{OH}$ group attached. Not considered an alcohol.

Acyl halide

A carbonyl with one R group and one halogen ($\text{X}$) attached.

Amide

Similar to an amine, except one group attached to nitrogen is a carbonyl group.

Carbonyl-Containing Functional Groups Chart

A visual overview outlining aldehyde, ketone, ester, carboxylic acid, acyl halide, and amide structures.

Thiol

Similar to an alcohol, except it contains sulfur instead of oxygen. The R group is a carbon chain, but not a carbonyl.

Halide

Any halogen attached to an R group, where the R group is a carbon chain, but not a carbonyl.

Functional Groups with Other Elements Chart

A visual overview showing chemical structures for thiol and halide functional groups.