Biology first quarter exam

DNA contains the 5 carbon sugar called

deoxyribose

organelles where protein synthesis occurs

ribosome

The DNA molecule is shaped like a double _______.

helix

movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

diffusion

_________ respiration requires oxygen

cellular

the only form of usable energy in a cell

ATP

He discovered a cell by looking at a piece of Cork

Hooke

the 3-base sequence on mRNA

codons

the monomers of proteins

amino acids

organic compounds used to build and repair tissue

proteins

_______ fats come from animal sources

saturated

____ bodies are organelles that build and store cellular secretions

golgi

the making of mRNA for the code given by DNA

transcription

_____RNA carries the code from the DNA to the ribosomes

(m) Messenger

the sugar that provides energy to recharge low-energy phosphates during the ATP-ADP cycle

glucose

Plant cells have a cell ____ surrounding the cell membrane

wall

the base that pairs with cystosine in DNA

guanine

The _______ adjustment is used to locate an object under low-power magnification

coarse

the powerhouses of the cell where respiration occurs

mitichondria

________ organisms are composed of only one cell

unicellular

environmental factor that can cause mutations

mutagens

the group of organic compounds that is our “energy” food group

carbohydrates

He developed the modern microscope

Von Leewenhoek

protoplasm outside the nucleus

cytoplasm

movement of molecules through a semipermeable membrane

osmosis

amino acids combine to make a long chain called a ________, which is a protein

polypeptide

process by which organisms can keep their internal conditions stable

homeostasis

________ compounds contain carbon

organic

changes that occur in organisms to reach their final adult form

development

the transport system in a cell

endoplasmic reticulum

ribonucleic acid

rna

plant stores extra glucose as

starch

the process used by plans to change radiant energy from the sun into chemical bond energy of glucose

photosynthesis

the green pigment needed for photosynthesis

chlorophyll

For protein synthesis, DNA gives a code in a series of 3 bases called

triplets

In lab we used the compound _____ microscope

light

granular material in the nucleus that forms chromosones

chromatin

__RNA carries the proper amino acids to ribosomes to be made into proteins

(t) transfer

The cell wall of plants contains ______ for support.

cellulose

simple units (small molecules) that make up polymers

monomers

Cellular ______ is the process by which energy is released from glucose

respiration

the microscope part that regulates how much light passes through a slide

diaphragm

the process by which amino acids are assembled into proteins in ribosomes

translation

changes in DNA sequence that affect genetic information

mutations

biological catalysts

enzymes

Animals store glucose as an animal starch called

glycogen

________ reproduction involves only one parent organism

asexual

_______ cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles,

prokaryotic

the study of plants

botany

_________ cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

eukaryotic

organisms that cannot make their own food

heterotrophs

the control center of a cell

nucleus

fats and oils are classified as this type of organic compound

lipids

A scientist tests her hypothesis by performing a ______ experiment in which only one factor is changed.

controlled

tiny, hair-like structures on some cells used to move

cilia

this base always pairs with adenine in DNA

thymine

the study of life

biology

the form of a biological structure is directly related to the purpose

Structure and Function

refers to the external and internal structure of an organism

Morphology

refers specifically to the internal structure of an organism

Anatomy

the process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring

Reproduction and Inheritance

involves no genetic exchange; offspring are clones of parents

Asexual Reproduction

involves the exchange of genetic info

Sexual Reproduction

the acquisition of traits from parents

inheritance

units of heredity that code for traits

genes

the molecule that carries genetic info

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)