C2 - Bonding

What is ionic bonding?

Strong electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer

How is ionic bonding made stronger?

When ions are smaller or have higher electric charges

What is charge density depend on?

Size and charge

Why are positive ions smaller compared to their atoms?

Because it has one less shell of electrons and the ratio of protons to electrons has increased so there is greater net force on remaining electrons holding them more closely

Why are negative ions larger than their atoms?

Negative ions have more electrons than their atom but the same number of protons. So the pull of the nucleus is shared over more electrons and the attraction per electron is less, making the ion bigger

Generally, what happens to the melting/boilling points as the charge on an ion increases?

Melting/point point increases

What is the melting/boiling point of smaller ions and why?

Smaller ions can pack closer together than larger ions, so small, closely packed ions have stronger ionic bonding than larger ions, which sit further apart. Ionic compounds with small, closely packed ions have higher melting/boiling point than ionic compounds made of large ions.