Study Guide Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment

Test in order

Astronomy

study of outer space

Scientific Method (4)

observation, hypothesis, analyzing, interpret

Who’s Copernicus, what’d he discover?

polish astronomer, heliocentric theory

Heliocentric Theory

sun centered

Geocentric Theory

earth centered

Scholars challenged what (3) during the enlightenment?

science, religion, gov’t

Method used to approach problems in life

observation and logic

What did Galileo discover using his telescope

Jupiter’s 4 moons, moons are rough

purpose of scientific method

logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas

Way of thinking Francis Bacon used

empiricism

define empiricism

experimental method (draw conclusions from experiments)

purpose of salons

philosophers would come together and exchange 3 debate ideas

how did enlightenment influence revolutionary thought?

rational thought and understanding

how did Hobbes view gov’t?

created to protect people from their own selfishness

Issac Newton’s discovery

law of universal gravitation (gravity)

Newton said the universe was _______ made by _______

a giant clock, God

How is Galileo important to scientific revolution (3)?

built on Copernicus’s ideals, law of motion for planets, telescope

How did Galileo get into conflict with the church?

thoughts went against the church, wrote the book Dialouge Concerning the Two Chief World Systems

Kepler’s discovery

planets’ orbits are eliptical

Who was Rene Descartes, what did he do? (4)

French, linked algebra & geometry, mathematics & logic, everything should be doubted unless proven by reason

Francis Bacon (3)

English, politician & writer, empiricism

Mary Wollstonecraft (3)

women activist, equal education & politics

Montesquieu believes the gov’t should be split into:

3 branches (legislative, executive, judicial)

Legislative

congress - law makers

Executive

president - enforce laws

Judicial

supreme court - interpret laws

John Locke believe about the gov’t (2)

denied the divine right of kings, protect people’s natural rights

What did Beccaria advocate for during the enlightenment

rights for the accused

Beccaria’s views on torture and capital punishment

never use either

What did Voltaire believe people had the right to do

free speech & religious freedom