Unit 5.1 - Nervous System quiz

Basic cell of the nervous system — what is it made up of?

Neuron

• - cell body — soma, includes nucleus

• - axon — sends info from neuron to dendrites of other neurons via axon terminals

• - dendrites — receive info from other neurons

Nervous system functions

• - sensation

• - integration

• - response

5 levels of organization

• - organism

• - organ system — nervous system

• - organs — brain, spinal cord

• - tissues

• - cells — neurons and neuroglial cells

3 types of neurons

• - sensory neurons

• - interneurons: complete electrical circuits, only in brain and spinal cord, form connections between neurons

• - motor neurons: voluntary and involuntary movement

most common type of neuron is ___

interneuron (multipolar)

Synapse

area where axon terminals nearly touch ends of dendrites of another neuron

organization of the nervous system

Divisions of the nervous system (will be asked for example situations)

• - Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord

• - Afferent Peripheral System: sensory neurons send info from receptors to brain and spinal cord

• - Efferent Peripheral System: motor neurons send info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands

• - Somatic Nervous System: impulses from brain and spinal cord to skeletal muscle

• - Sympathetic Division: speeds up activity, expends energy, uses norepinephrine (adrenaline)

• - Parasympathetic Division: digestion, urination (rest)

parts of the brain and their functions

1) Brain Stem — basic body functions, breathing, body temperature regulation, digestion, swallowing. 3 parts:

• 1. Midbrain — contains reflex centers

• 2. Pons — relay sensory impulses from peripheral nerves to higher brain centers

• 3. Medulla Oblongata — controls heart rate, regulates breathing rate and constriction and dilation of smooth muscles of blood vessels

2) Diencephalon — 2 areas:

• 1. Thalamus — relays sensory impulses from spinal cord, brain stem and cerebrum to cerebral cortex

• 2. Hypothalamus — autonomic nervous control, controls blood pressure and appetite, maintains body temp, waking and sleep patterns

3) Cerebrum — right and left hemispheres, connected by corpus callosum. surface made of gyri (folds) and sulci (grooves) which increase surface area

• - Frontal Lobe — voluntary muscular functions, emotion regulation, reasoning/ judgement, smell, motivation

• - Parietal Lobe — touch, pain, balance, taste, temp

• - Temporal Lobe — hearing, memory (hippocampus), emotions (amygdala)

• - Occipital Lobe — vision, color perception

4) Cerebellum — balance/ coordination, complex skeletal muscle movement, posture

Brain Stem

basic body functions, breathing, body temperature regulation, digestion, swallowing. 3 parts:

• 1. Midbrain — contains reflex centers

• 2. Pons — relay sensory impulses from peripheral nerves to higher brain centers

• 3. Medulla Oblongata — controls heart rate, regulates breathing rate and constriction and dilation of smooth muscles of blood vessels

Brain Stem: Medulla Oblongata

controls heart rate, regulates breathing rate and constriction and dilation of smooth muscles of blood vessels

Diencephalon; Thalamus

relays sensory impulses from spinal cord, brain stem and cerebrum to cerebral cortex

Diencephalon; Hypothalamus

autonomic nervous control, controls blood pressure and appetite, maintains body temp, waking and sleep patterns

Cerebrum

right and left hemispheres, connected by corpus callosum. surface made of gyri (folds) and sulci (grooves) which increase surface area

• - Frontal Lobe — voluntary muscular functions, emotion regulation, reasoning/ judgement, smell, motivation

• - Parietal Lobe — touch, pain, balance, taste, temp

• - Temporal Lobe — hearing, memory (hippocampus), emotions (amygdala)

• - Occipital Lobe — vision, color perception

Cerebrum; Frontal Lobe

voluntary muscular functions, emotion regulation, reasoning/ judgement, smell, motivation

Cerebrum; Parietal Lobe

touch, pain, balance, taste, temp

Cerebrum; Temporal Lobe

hearing, memory (hippocampus), emotions (amygdala)

Cerebrum; Occipital Lobe

vision, color perception

Cerebellum

balance/ coordination, complex skeletal muscle movement, posture