Digestive System

What are the first 5 parts of the digestive tract?

Mouth (Oral Cavity), Pharynx, Esophagus, Epiglottis, and Stomach

What does the mouth (Oral Cavity) do?

Chemically break apart carbs (Amylase) and physically break apart food (Teeth)

What is your pharynx?

Your throat

What is your epiglottis?

The flap that blocks your trachea so food does not get in your lungs

What does your stomach do?

It produces gastric acids, hydrochloric acid, and pepsin

What is hydrochloric acid?

An acid that dissolves food, kills bacteria, and has a good pH for most stomach enzymes

What is pepsin?

An enzyme that dissolves proteins with trypsin

What does the mucus coating of your stomach do?

Prevents hydrochloric acid from burning holes in your stomach (ulcers)

What are the 6 accessory organs to the digestive tract?

Salivary Glands, Liver, Gall Bladder, Pancreas, Bile Duct, and Pancreatic Duct

What do your Salivary Glands do?

Release saliva and amylase to aid chemical digestion

What does your liver do?

Produces bile to break down fats and filters your blood for toxins

What does your gall bladder do?

Store Bile to separate fat for easier digestion

What does your pancreas do?

Produces enzymes to break down proteins, nucleic acids, carbs, and lipids

What is your Bile Duct?

A passage that carries bile from your gall bladder to your duodenum

What is your Pancreatic duct?

Carries pancreatic enzymes and hormones to the duodenum

What are the last 5 parts of your digestive tract?

Duodenum, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anus

What are the three parts of your large intestine?

Duodenum, Jejunum, and ileum

What is your duodenum?

The first part of your small intestine where most chemical digestion occurs

What is your Jejunum?

The second part of your small intestine where nutrients are absorbed

What is your ileum?

The final part of your small intestine where the remaining nutrients are absorbed

What are villi and microvilli?

Folds in your small intestine that increase surface area to absorb more nutrients

What are the 3 parts of the large intestine?

Ascending colon, transverse colon, and descending colon

What does the rectum do?

Stores waste and absorbs water from the feces

What does the anus do?

Expels waste

What biomolecule do proteases break down?

Proteins

What biomolecule do Nucleases break down?

Nucleic acids

What biomolecule do lipases break down?

Lipids

What are 4 enzymes that break down carbs?

Amylase, Sucrase-Isomaltase, Maltase, Lactase

What are 3 enzymes that break down proteins?

Pepsin, Trypsin, and Peptidase

In an endothermic (endergonic) reaction, is heat released or absorbed?

It is absorbed, cooling the space around it

In an exothermic (exergonic) reaction, is heat released or absorbed?

It is released, heating the space around it

What is peristalsis?

Contraction and relaxation of muscles, helping push food through your digestive system

What are sphincters?

Valves that control passage to your stomach or other parts of your digestive tract

What is gastrin?

A hormone that gets released when you see, smell, or taste food

What is chyme?

the mixture that your stomach makes out of the bolus

What is the cecum?

A pouch that controls the passage from the small intestine to the large intestine

What is the appendix?

An extension of the cecum that carries white blood cells

What is the hepatic portal vein?

The blood vessels that bring blood to the liver

What is a microbiome?

A community of bacteria