HNSC 1210 - Ch.2: Nutrition Standards & Guidelines

What is a diet recall?

Usually 24 hours

What are the methods for food intake analysis?

Diet recall, diet record, food frequency questionnaire

What is an advantage and disadvantage of diet recall?

It is easy for the client.

It relies on memory and may not represent a typical 24 hours.

What is a diet record?

Record everything eaten over 3-5 days.

What is an advantage and disadvantage of a diet record?

Everything is written down.

It requires a lot of work and may change eating habits.

What is a food frequency questionnaire?

A questionnaire targeted at different nutrients.

What is an advantage and disadvantage of a food frequency questionnaire?

It is quick and easy to complete.

It may not include all foods consumed.

What are Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI)?

A set of 5 lists of nutrient intake values designed for health maintenance and disease prevention in healthy people

What is the purpose of the DRI?

To guide people on what to eat to stay healthy and avoid major health complications.

What has DRI set values for?

Carbs, fat, protein, water, minerals, vitamins, fibre, energy

What are the factors considered in DRI?

Body Mass Index (BMI) - measure of body fat on height and weight

Age - physiological changes of life cycle

Time - based on average consumption

Factors NOT included in DRI?

Activity

Diet

Geographic area

Lifestyle

Illness

Daily Values (DV)

Nutrient standards used on food labels

Estimated Energy Requirement (EER)

average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a certain age, gender, height, weight, and activity

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Nutrient intake goals for individuals

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

Intake goals for given stages of life and gender groups - population wide ranges

Adequate Intake (AI)

Goals for individuals when insufficient scientific data for setting RDA

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

Maximum amount of nutrients that is safe

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR)

Ranges of intake for energy containing nutrients

What are the ranges of intake for energy containing nutrients for adults?

Carbs: 45-65%

Fat: 20-35%

Protein: 10-35%

Standard Deviation (SD)

A quantity calculated to indicate the extent of deviation for a group as a whole

How much of the nutritional needs of the population does the SD meet?

97.5%

How much consumption indicates risk?

Less than 2/3 of recommendations

What is the purpose of Canada's Food Guide?

Translation of nutrient requirements (DRI) into food intake

What foods should you limit?

Foods high in fat, salt, sugar

What is the recommended maximum fat intake according to the guidelines?

30% of energy

What is the recommended maximum saturated fat intake according to the guidelines?

10% of energy

What is the recommended carb intake according to the guidelines?

55% of energy

What is the recommended maximum alcohol intake according to the guidelines?

No more than 5% of total energy.

What is the recommended maximum caffeine intake?

No more than the equivalent of 4, 6oz cups of coffee per day (400-450mg).

What is the recommended maximum water should be fluoridated to according to the guidelines?

1mg/L

What is included in the Nutrition Facts label?

Nutrient information based on a specified quantity of food.

What is the significance of the % Daily Value on nutrition labels?

It helps to compare foods and provides context for nutrient amounts.

What is the purpose of ingredient list?

Listed by weight - most to least

Source of allergy and certain nutrient information

What are nutrient content claims?

Regulated statements made when a food meets certain nutrient criteria.

What are the five diet-related health claims allowed in Canada?

1. Low sodium & high potassium reduces hypertension risk. 2. Adequate calcium & Vitamin D reduces osteoporosis risk. 3. Low saturated & trans fat reduces heart disease risk. 4. Rich in vegetables & fruits reduces cancer risk. 5. Minimal fermentable carbs in gum/hard candy reduce dental caries risk

What are phytochemicals?

Non-nutrient compounds derived from plants that have biological activity in the body.

What are the biological activities of phytochemicals?

Acts as antioxidants

Mimic hormones

Alter blood constituents in ways that may protect against som diseases

What phytochemical increases cancer in lab animals?

Genistein (from soybeans)

What is the safest source of phytochemicals?

Phytochemicals from foods.

What foods are potential protection from cancer?

Apples

Broccoli

Citrus fruit

Cooked tomatoes

Blueberries

Garlic

Spinach

What is the purpose of functional foods?

To provide additional health benefits beyond basic nutrition.

What does yogurt contain that ferments milk into yogurt?

Lactobacillus (probiotic)

What is a probiotic?

Alters native bacterial colonies in gut and may reduce disease.

What does cholesterol-reducing margarine contain?

Phytosterols - to reduce blood cholesterol

Energy intake recommendation us set at a level predicted to maintain what?

Body weight

“Low fat” label requirement

3g or less of fat

Phytochemical in red wine and tea that is beneficial

Flavanoids

Percentage on food labels state which vitamins?

Potassium, calcium, and iron un mg and percentage of the DV