Digestive_System

Oral cavity

입안; food enters and mastication begins.

Vestibule of oral cavity

구강 전정; space between lips/cheeks and teeth/gingiva.

Hard palate

단단입천장; bony anterior roof of the mouth.

Soft palate

물렁입천장; muscular posterior roof of the mouth.

Uvula

목젖; projection hanging from the soft palate.

Oropharynx

구인두; pharynx posterior to the oral cavity.

Laryngopharynx

후두인두; inferior pharynx leading to esophagus and larynx.

Tongue

혀; skeletal muscle organ for taste, speech, and swallowing.

Circumvallate papillae

성곽유두; large papillae in a V-shaped row at the posterior tongue.

Incisors

앞니; chisel-shaped teeth used for cutting.

Canines (cuspids)

송곳니; pointed teeth used for tearing.

Premolars (bicuspids)

작은어금니; teeth used for crushing and grinding.

Molars

큰어금니; broad teeth used for grinding.

Crown of tooth

치관; visible portion above the gingiva.

Neck of tooth

치경; narrow region between crown and root.

Root of tooth

치근; portion embedded in the alveolar socket.

Pulp cavity

치수강; central space containing dental pulp.

Dental pulp

치수; connective tissue containing vessels and nerves.

Root canal

치근관; narrow passage through the tooth root.

Apical foramen

치근단공; opening at root tip for vessels and nerves.

Parotid gland

귀밑샘; largest salivary gland, anterior to the ear.

Parotid duct

귀밑샘관; carries parotid saliva into the oral cavity.

Submandibular gland

턱밑샘; salivary gland beneath the mandible.

Submandibular duct

턱밑샘관; opens near the lingual frenulum.

Sublingual gland

혀밑샘; salivary gland beneath the tongue.

Esophagus

식도; muscular tube carrying food to the stomach.

Cardiac (lower esophageal) sphincter

하부 식도 괄약근; controls entry into the stomach and limits reflux.

Cardia of stomach

위 들문; region surrounding the esophageal opening.

Fundus of stomach

위바닥; dome-shaped superior region.

Body of stomach

위몸통; large central region of the stomach.

Pylorus of stomach

날문부; distal region leading to the duodenum.

Pyloric sphincter

날문 괄약근; controls passage of chyme into the duodenum.

Gastric folds (rugae)

위주름; folds allowing the stomach to expand.

Greater curvature of stomach

위 큰굽이; long convex lateral border.

Lesser curvature of stomach

위 작은굽이; short concave medial border.

Longitudinal muscle layer of stomach

위 세로근층; outer smooth muscle layer.

Circular muscle layer of stomach

위 돌림근층; middle smooth muscle layer.

Oblique muscle layer of stomach

위 빗근층; inner smooth muscle layer unique to the stomach.

Greater omentum

큰그물막; fatty peritoneal apron hanging from the stomach.

Duodenum

십이지장; first part of the small intestine.

Jejunum

공장; middle part of the small intestine.

Ileum

회장; final part of the small intestine.

Major duodenal papilla

큰십이지장유두; opening for bile and main pancreatic secretions.

Minor duodenal papilla

작은십이지장유두; opening for the accessory pancreatic duct.

Plicae circulares

돌림주름; permanent circular folds increasing absorption.

Lacteal

유미관; lymphatic capillary within an intestinal villus.

Intestinal crypts

장샘/장음와; glands between intestinal villi.

Submucosa of small intestine

점막밑층; connective tissue supporting the mucosa.

Circular layer of muscularis externa

A

Longitudinal layer of muscularis externa

B

Serosa of small intestine

c

Ileocecal valve

회맹판; controls movement from ileum to cecum.

Cecum

맹장; pouch at the beginning of the large intestine.

Ascending colon

오름결장; travels superiorly on the right side.

Hepatic (right colic) flexure

간굽이; bend between ascending and transverse colon.

Transverse colon

가로결장; crosses the abdomen.

Splenic (left colic) flexure

지라굽이; bend between transverse and descending colon.

Descending colon

내림결장; travels inferiorly on the left side.

Sigmoid colon

구불결장; S-shaped segment leading to the rectum.

Rectum

직장; terminal storage region before defecation.

Haustra

결장팽대; pouchlike sacculations of the colon.

Taenia coli

결장띠; three longitudinal smooth muscle bands of colon.

Mesocolon

결장간막; peritoneal fold attaching colon to posterior wall.

Appendix

충수; narrow lymphoid tube attached to the cecum.

Spleen

비장; lymphatic organ, not part of the digestive tract.

Gallbladder

담낭; stores and concentrates bile.

Cystic duct

담낭관; carries bile to and from the gallbladder.

Head of pancreas

췌장 머리; broad part within the duodenal curve.

Body of pancreas

췌장 몸통; central portion.

Tail of pancreas

췌장 꼬리; narrow portion near the spleen.

Pancreatic duct

췌관; main duct carrying pancreatic juice.

Accessory pancreatic duct

부췌관; secondary pancreatic drainage duct.

Right lobe of liver

a

Left lobe of liver

b

Caudate lobe of liver

간 꼬리엽; small posterior-inferior lobe.

Quadrate lobe of liver

간 네모엽; small inferior lobe near gallbladder.

Coronary ligament of liver

간 관상인대; attaches liver to diaphragm.

Falciform ligament

간 낫인대; separates right and left lobes anteriorly.

Ligamentum teres

간 원인대; remnant of the fetal umbilical vein.

Porta hepatis

간문; gateway for vessels and ducts entering/leaving liver.

Hepatic artery proper

고유간동맥; supplies oxygenated blood to liver.

Hepatic portal vein

간문맥; brings nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs.

Right hepatic duct

오른간관; drains bile from right liver lobe.

Left hepatic duct

왼간관; drains bile from left liver lobe.

Common hepatic duct

총간관; formed by right and left hepatic ducts.

Common bile duct

총담관; carries bile toward the duodenum.

Duodenal ampulla

간췌팽대; union of common bile and pancreatic ducts.

Liver lobule

2

Central vein

중심정맥; vessel at the center of a liver lobule.

Hepatic sinusoids

간굴모세혈관; channels carrying mixed blood toward central vein.

Kupffer cells

쿠퍼세포; macrophages within liver sinusoids.

Portal area (hepatic triad)

문맥역/간삼합; branch of portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct.

Branch of hepatic portal vein

간문맥 가지; largest thin-walled vessel in the portal triad.

Branch of hepatic artery

간동맥 가지; small thick-walled vessel in the portal triad.

Bile duct

담관; carries bile away from hepatocytes.

Filiform papillae

실유두; most numerous papillae; no taste buds.

Fungiform papillae

버섯유두; mushroom-shaped papillae that may contain taste buds.

Foliate papillae

잎새유두; folds on lateral tongue containing taste buds.

Taste buds

미뢰; sensory structures containing taste receptor cells.

Tongue stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium

혀의 중층편평 비각질상피; protects moist tongue surfaces.