CT 111: Occupational Health & Safety - Module 1 Review

Flashcards covering definitions, legal bases, hazard categories, occupational hygiene, ergonomics, and worker/employer rights and duties in Occupational Health and Safety (CT 111 Module 1).

What is Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)?

The protection of workers and other persons from hazards, injuries, illnesses, and harmful conditions connected with work, while promoting physical, mental, and social well-being.

What is the official title of Republic Act No. 11058?

An Act Strengthening Compliance with Occupational Safety and Health Standards and Providing Penalties for Violations Thereof.

Which policy provides the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) for RA 11058?

DOLE Department Order No. 198-18.

What is the main difference between occupational safety and occupational health?

Occupational safety focuses on preventing workplace accidents and immediate physical injuries (such as cuts, burns, and falls), whereas occupational health focuses on preventing short-term and long-term health problems and diseases (such as hearing loss, respiratory illness, and stress).

How is a hazard defined in Occupational Health and Safety?

Anything that has the potential to cause injury, illness, damage, or harm.

How is risk defined in Occupational Health and Safety?

The chance that a hazard will cause harm and how serious that harm may be.

What is the difference between an incident, an accident, and a near miss?

An incident is an unplanned event that caused or could have caused harm; an accident is an unplanned event that specifically results in injury, illness, damage, or loss; a near miss is an event that caused no injury or damage but had the potential to cause harm.

What is the difference between an unsafe act and an unsafe condition?

An unsafe act is an action that may place a person or other people in danger, while an unsafe condition is a dangerous physical or environmental condition in the workplace.

What is a Safety Officer?

A trained person who monitors the implementation of the workplace OHS program.

Under Section 22 of RA 11058, what maximum administrative fine may be imposed for willful non-compliance?

Administrative fines of up to $₱100,000$ per day until the violation is corrected.

What three components make up Worker Health according to OHS principles?

Physical Health (body condition, strength, freedom from injury), Mental Health (emotional well-being, stress management), and Social Well-being (respectful relationships, inclusion, support).

What order of hazard control controls is specified by the Hierarchy of Controls?

1. Elimination (physically remove hazard), 2. Substitution (replace hazard), 3. Isolation / Engineering controls (isolate people or engineer out hazard), 4. Administrative controls, 5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

What are safety and mechanical hazards?

Workplace conditions involving machines, tools, walking surfaces, falling objects, or unsafe work areas that may cause an accident or immediate physical injury.

What are physical hazards in the workplace?

Harmful forms of energy or environmental conditions—such as excessive noise, extreme heat or cold, vibration, poor lighting, radiation, and abnormal pressure—that cause injury or illness.

What four pathways allow chemical hazards to enter the human body?

Inhalation, skin or eye contact, ingestion, or injection through a cut or puncture.

What are biological hazards?

Organisms or biological materials—such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi—that cause infection, illness, or allergic reactions through contact with infected humans, animals, fluids, or waste.

What are ergonomic hazards?

Conditions where the task, equipment, or workstation does not fit a worker's physical abilities, involving repetitive movement, awkward posture, or heavy lifting.

What are psychosocial hazards?

Factors related to work organization, management, and workplace relationships (such as excessive workload, bullying, and unclear responsibilities) that affect workers' mental and social well-being.

What are the four connected steps in occupational hygiene?

Anticipation, Recognition, Evaluation, and Control.

What occurs during the 'Anticipation' stage of occupational hygiene?

Evaluating possible health hazards before introducing a new material, chemical, machine, or work process into the workplace.

What are the three common ergonomic risk factors?

Repetitive movement, awkward posture, and excessive force.

What are Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)?

Injuries or conditions affecting muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments, nerves, and supporting structures, caused by sudden heavy strain or repeated movement and poor posture.

Under Section 6 of RA 11058, when does a worker have the right to refuse unsafe work?

When DOLE determines that an imminent danger exists that may cause death or serious physical harm, and the employer has not taken corrective action.

What does Section 8 of RA 11058 require regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?

Employers must provide necessary and appropriate PPE free of charge to workers based on safety officer evaluation and recommendation.

Which section of RA 11058 mandates safety and health training seminars for workers?

Section 16 of RA 11058.

Which section of RA 11058 requires covered workplaces to organize a Safety and Health Committee?

Section 13 of RA 11058.

What primary duty do employers hold in Occupational Health and Safety?

Providing a safe and healthful workplace free from hazardous conditions that are causing or likely to cause death, illness, or physical harm.

What essential duties do workers have regarding workplace safety?

Following safety rules and procedures, operating tools properly, wearing assigned PPE correctly, and immediately reporting hazards, defective equipment, incidents, and near misses.

What four-step simple cycle describes continuous OHS improvement?

$$\text{Plan} \rightarrow \text{Implement} \rightarrow \text{Check} \rightarrow \text{Improve}$$

What joint circular establishes OSH standards for the Philippine public sector?

CSC-DOH-DOLE Joint Memorandum Circular No. 1, s. 2020.