Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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22 Terms
Social psychology
The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.
Social neuroscience
The study of how the brain and body influence social behavior and relationships.
Hindsight bias
The tendency to believe after learning an outcome that you knew it would happen all along.
Theory
An organized set of principles that explains and predicts observed events.
Hypothesis
A testable prediction about what will happen in a study.
Random sampling
A method of selecting participants so everyone in a population has an equal chance of being chosen.
Sample size
The number of participants in a study.
Framing
The way a question or issue is presented, which can influence people's judgments and decisions.
Correlational research
Research that measures the relationship between variables without proving that one causes the other.
Experimental research
Research that manipulates a variable to determine its effect on another variable.
Random assignment
A process that places participants into study groups by chance.
Independent variable
The variable that a researcher manipulates in an experiment.
Dependent variable
The outcome that a researcher measures in an experiment.
Replication
Repeating a study to see whether its findings can be reproduced.
Meta-analysis
A statistical method that combines results from multiple studies on the same topic.
Mundane realism
The extent to which an experiment resembles real-life situations.
Experimental realism
The extent to which an experiment engages participants psychologically.
Deception
When researchers mislead participants about certain aspects of a study when scientifically justified and ethically permitted.
Demand characteristics
Clues in a study that may reveal its purpose and influence participants' behavior.
Informed consent
Participants' agreement to take part after receiving information about the study and its risks.
Debriefing
Explaining the study's true purpose and any deception to participants after the study.
Social psychology vs. common sense
Social psychology uses scientific research to test explanations of behavior, while common sense can be influenced by hindsight bias and may offer conflicting explanations.