Week 7 Ch 19&20- The Musculoskeletal System

Material covered that pertains to the musculoskeletal system medical terminology.

What are the primary functions of the musculoskeletal system?

• To provide support for the body.

• To allow motion.

• To protect vital organs.

What are the primary structures that make up the musculoskeletal system?

• Bones

• Muscles

• Cartilage

• Tendons

• Ligaments

• Joints

• Other connective tissues

Define the term “rhabdomyo.”

Meaning “striated muscle.”

Define the term “leiomyo.”

Meaning “smooth muscle.”

Define the term “cardiomyo.”

Meaning “heart muscle.”

Define the term “myopathy.”

Means “disease of any muscle.”

Define the term “cardiomyopathy.”

Meaning “disease of the heart muscle.”

True or false: the “point of origin,” is the attachment site that moves during muscle contraction and proximal to the body.

False: the point of origin does not move but yes is proximal to the body.

True or false” the “point of insertion,” is the attachment site that does not move and is proximal to the body.

False: the point of insertion is the attachment site that moves when muscles are contracted and is distal to the body and further away than the point of origin.

Define the term “orthopedics.”

Meaning a medical specialty concerned with the correction or prevention of deformities, disorders or injuries of the skeletal and associated structures such as ligaments and tendons.

Define the term “orthopnea.”

Meaning shortness of breath or difficulty breathing when lying flat or in the recumbent position.

What are common causes of “orthopnea.”

• Heart failure

• Pulmonary disease

Define the term “osteoporosis.”

Meaning deterioration of the bone matrix that results in a reduction in bone density and bone weakness.

Define the term “osteopenia.”

Meaning low bone mass or bone density.

What is the functional unit of bone?

The osteon.

Define the term “myelocyte.”

Meaning immature white blood cell, normally found in bone marrow.

What are the different components of bone marrow?

• Red blood cells

• White blood cells

  • Lymphocytes

  • Monocytes

  • Eosinophils

  • Basophils

  • Neutrophils

• Platelets

How many types of spine curvatures are there?

There are 3.

True or false: Posterior curvature of the thoracic spine is called “kyphosis.”

True

True or false: Anterior curvature of the lumbar spine is called “lordosis.”

True

True or false: anterior curvature of the lumbar spine is called “scoliosis.”

False: This is the lateral curvature of the spine.

What does the fracture term “complete“ mean?

Meaning a break through the entire width of a bone.

What are the different types of joints?

• Ball and socket

• Hinge

• Condyloid

• Plane

• Saddle

• Pivot

Bands of tissue that help hold bones, joints and organs in place are known as what?

Ligaments

Which tissue structure attached bones to bones?

Ligaments

The sheath of stringy connective tissue that surrounds the muscle is known as what?

Fascia

What tissue structure attaches muscle to muscle?

Fascia

What does the fracture term “incomplete“ mean?

Meaning a break not through the entire width of a bone.

What does the fracture term “closed or simple fracture“ mean?

Meaning the skin is not broken.

What does the fracture term “open or compounded fracture“ mean?

Meaning bone ends protrude through skin.

What does the fracture term “pathologic fracture“ mean?

Meaning caused by diseased-weakened bone.

What does the fracture term “fracture reduction“ mean?

Meaning the realignment and stabilization of broken bones.

What does the fracture term “closed manipulation“ mean?

Meaning the realignment and stabilization of broken bones.

What does the fracture term “fixation“ mean?

Meaning the realignment and stabilization of broken bones.

A surgical procedure to repair a broken bone by making an incision, realigning or repairing the bone pieces (open reduction), and then stabilizing them with hardware like screws, plates, or rods (internal fixation), abbreviated “ORIF,” is known as what?

An “Open Reduction Internal Fixation.”

“OREF” stands for what procedure? What is the primary difference from the ORIF procedure?

“Open Reduction External Fixation,” and is fixation done externally with metal pins, screws or rods.

What does the fracture type “transverse“ mean?

A break that is perpendicular to the bone and complete.

What does the fracture type “oblique“ mean?

A break that is angular and complete.

What does the fracture type “greenstick“ mean?

A bone bends and cracks but does not break.

What does the fracture type “comminuted“ mean?

When a bone is shattered and fragmented; such as a crush fracture.

What does the fracture type “torus“ mean?

When a bone buckles or bulges; due to compression forces.

What does the fracture type “spiral“ mean?

A break that is due to a twisting motion.

What does the fracture type “segmental“ mean?

When a bone is broken in two or more places; free-floating segments.

What does the fracture type “avulsed“ mean?

When a tendon or ligament pulls off a piece of bone.

What does the fracture type “impacted“ mean?

Is a fracture due to and impact or compression.

1. Cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

2. Thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)

3. Lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5)

1. Normal

2. Transverse

3. Oblique

4. Spiral

5. Comminuted

6. Segmental

7. Avulsed

8. Impacted

9. Torus

10. Greenstick

1. Sacrum

2. Ilium

3. Ischium

4. Coccyx

5. Ischial spine

6. Sacroiliac joint

7. Iliac crest

8. Anterior superior iliac spine

9. Acetabulum

10. Obturator foramen

11. Symphysis pubis

1. Parietal bone

2. Occipital bone

3. Temporal bone

4. Mandible

5. Maxilla

6. Zygomatic bone

7. Nasal bone

8. Ethmoid bone

9. Frontal bone

10. Sphenoid bone