Chapter 5: Ionic and Covalent Compounds Vocabulary

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering fundamental definitions, bonding types, naming conventions, chemical formulas, and chemical laws from Chem 201 Chapter 5 Part 1.

Compound

A substance composed of two or more elements combined in a specific ratio and held together by chemical bonds.

Lewis Dot Symbol

A visual representation consisting of an element's chemical symbol surrounded by dots, where each dot represents a valence electron.

Ionic Bonding

The electrostatic attraction that holds oppositely charged ions together in an ionic compound.

Lattice

A three-dimensional array of oppositely charged ions held together in an ionic solid.

Lattice Energy

The amount of energy required to convert one mole of an ionic solid to its constituent ions in the gas phase.

Monatomic Cation

A positively charged ion formed from a single atom, named by adding the word ion to the element's name.

Monatomic Anion

A negatively charged ion formed from a single atom, named by changing the ending of the element's name to -ide.

Covalent Bonding

A type of bonding in which two atoms share a pair of electrons in order to give each atom a noble gas configuration.

Molecule

A combination of at least two atoms in a specific arrangement held together by chemical forces.

Law of Definite Proportions

The principle stating that different samples of a given compound always contain the same elements in the same ratio.

Law of Multiple Proportions

The principle stating that if two elements can form two or more different compounds, the ratio of the masses of one element that combine with a fixed mass of the other element can be expressed in small whole numbers.

Diatomic Molecule

A molecule containing exactly two atoms, which may be either homonuclear or heteronuclear.

Polyatomic Molecule

A molecule containing more than two atoms.

Molecular Formula

A chemical formula that shows the exact number of atoms of each element in a molecule.

Empirical Formula

A chemical formula that gives the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements present in a compound.

Allotropes

Two or more distinct structural forms of the same element, such as oxygen ($O_2$) and ozone ($O_3$).

Structural Formula

A chemical representation showing not only the elemental composition of a molecule but also the general arrangements of its atoms.