Week 2: Chapter 17: Endocrine System

What are the glands within the endocrine system?

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and pineal glands

What is the difference between an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Endocrine glands are ductless and are different from the body’s exocrine glands, which release their secretions through small tubes called ducts

How does the Endocrine system send signals?

Sends signals using hormones that travel through the bloodstream which then targets organs and tissues

What is the difference between the Endocrine and Nervous system?

The difference between the Endocrine and Nervous system is that the endocrine system uses hormones and the nervous system uses electrical signals to control the body

What are hormones?

Hormones are chemical messengers that are sent through the bloodstream

What is a circulating hormone?

A type of hormone that travels through the bloodstream to target distant organs and tissues

What is a local hormone?

A hormone that acts on nearby cells

The endocrine system uses ________ released into the bloodstream as chemical messengers?

Hormones

What do hormones allow tissues to do?

Allow tissues that secrete hormones to influence their target tissues

Define Secrete

To release a substance, such as a hormone

Define Target tissue

The tissue that a hormone travels to and affects

What is the primary job of the ductless endocrine glands?

To secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream

Define circulating hormones

Secreted into extracellular fluid, enter the blood or lymph, and travel to target tissues

What are water-soluble hormones made from?

Amino acids

What are lipid-soluble hormones made from?

Lipids (fats)

Are lipid-soluble hormones hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Hydrophobic (water-fearing)

The _____ regulates the activity of the pituitary gland

Hypothalamus

The endocrine system communicates by transmitting signals from sender to one or more targets to control and coordinate actions. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Endocrine signaling is faster than neural signaling

________ glands are ductless whereas ____________ glands contain ducts.

Endocrine, exocrine

Which hormones are secreted into extracellular fluid, diffused into blood/lymph, and travel a distance to target tissues?

Circulating hormones

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are _________ hormones and are water-soluble.

Amine

True or False: Peptide hormones are made from tyrosine and secreted by the hypothalamus

False

Lipid-soluble hormones are derived from lipids and are _____________.

Hydrophobic

__________ hormones bind to receptors inside the cell whereas _________ hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface.

Lipid-soluble, water-soluble

Hormone secretion is regulated by all of the following mechanism except:

Nocturnal stimuli

True or False: The pituitary gland is the primary regulator of hypothalamus activity

False

The ___________ does not produce hormones but instead, stores and secretes hormones produced by the hypothalamus.

Posterior pituitary

All of the following hormones are associated with the anterior pituitary except:

Oxytocin

Which of the following hormones are associated with the posterior pituitary?

Antidiuretic hormone

Which gland(s) contains colloid, the center of hormone production for that gland?

Thyroid

Low calcium levels trigger parathyroid hormone release and secretion causing all of the following reactions except:

Stimulating osteoblasts

High blood calcium levels cause secretion of ___________ whereas low blood calcium levels cause ___________ to be secreted.

Calcitonin, parathyroid hormone

Which of the following cell-hormone pair is correctly matched?

Alpha cells - secretes glucagon

If stress is not relieved during the alarm reaction stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, the body will enter the stage of ___________.

Resistance

Which of the following cells produce and secrete melatonin in the pineal gland?

Pinealocytes

Which hormone is produced in both male and females?

Inhibin