LO3 LS4 - Discuss the Types of Articulations in the Human Body
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75 Terms
what are joints
they are functional junctions between bones
joints are also called
articulations
what are the 3 kinds of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
what is a fibrous joint also called
synarthrosis (immovable)
how much movement do fibrous joints allow
no movement (immovable)
how are bones in a fibrous joint connected
by dense connective tissue
what are two examples of fibrous joints
the sutures of the skull and teeth in their sockets
what is a cartilaginous joint also called
amphiarthrosis (slightly movable)
how much movement do cartilaginous joints allow
limited or slight movement
what material connects cartilaginous joints
discs of fibrocartilage
what are two examples of cartilaginous joints
intervertebral discs and the symphysis pubis
what is a synovial joint also called
diarthrosis (freely movable)
how much movement do synovial joints allow
they are freely movable
what is found between the end of a bone in a synovial joint
a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid
what does synovial fluid do
it reduces friction as the bones move
what does the synovial membrane secretes
synovial fluid
what the synovial fluid acts as in the synovial joints
a joint lubricant
what covers the ends of the bones in a synovial joint
articular (hyaline) cartilage
what does the joint capsule consist of
an outer layer of ligaments and an inner lining of the synovial membrane
what are some examples of synovial joints
shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, hips, knees, ankles, and toes
what are the different shapes that synovial joints have
ball and socket, hinge, gliding, and pivot
what is a ball and socket joint
round ball in a round socket
what synovial joint shape allows movement in all directions
ball and socket joint
what is an example of ball and socket joints
shoulder and hip
what synovial joint shape allows for flexion and extension
hinge joints
what are examples of a hinge joint
elbow, knee, between phalanges, and TMJ
which three bones form the elbow hinge joint
the humerus, radius, and ulna
which two bones form the knee hinge joint
the femur and tibia
is the fibula part of the knee hinge joint
no, only tibia and femur
where in the hand can you find hinge joints
between the phalanges
what does the acronym TMJ stand for
temporomandibular joint
what kind of joint is the TMJ that allows flexion and extension
hinge joint
what shape are the surfaces of gliding joints
flatter surfaces
what type of motion do gliding joints allow
sliding or gliding motion
where is the gliding joints in the wrist
between the carpals
where is the gliding joints in the ankle
between the tarsals
where can you find gliding joints in the body
carpals of wrist, tarsals of ankle, and TMJ
what synovial joint shape allows for rotation only
pivot joints
where is a pivot joint located in the forearm
at the proximal ends of the radius and ulna
what movement does the pivot joint in the forearm allow
rotating the hand palm up or palm down
which two bones form a pivot joint in the neck
the atlas and the axis
what movement does the atlas and axis pivot joint allow
rotates the head
what type of joint is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
a synovial joint
what two bones form the TMJ
the temporal bone and the mandible
what is located anterior to the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
the articular eminence
what is located posterior to the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
the post-glenoid process
what part of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa
the mandibular condyle
what structure divides the joint into an upper and a lower synovial cavity
the articular disc
what fluid fills both cavities of the TMJ
synovial fluid
the lateral pterygoid muscle
what muscle attaches anteriorly to the articular disc
where is the blood supply for the TMJ located
in the retro-discal tissue
what type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the bones in the TMJ
fibrocartilage (not hyaline cartilage like other joints)
what is the articular disc composed of
dense fibrous connective tissue with many collagenous fibers
what is number 1 pointing to
mandibular condyle
what is number 2 pointing to
inferior joint cavity
what is number 3 pointing to
superior joint cavity
what is number 4 pointing to
mandibular fossa
what is number 5 pointing to
articular disc
what is number 6 pointing to
articular tubercle
what is number 7 pointing to
articular capsule
what is number 8 pointing to
ramus of mandible
how many pairs of ligaments are outside the temporomandibular joint
3 pairs
what is the main function of the 3 pairs of ligaments outside the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
provide stability and prevent excessive movement of the joint
what are the three pairs of ligaments outside the temporomandibular joint
temporomandibular, stylomandibular, & sphenomandibular ligaments
which number is the external acoustic meatus
1
which number is the joint capsule
2
which number is the temporomandibular ligament
3
which number is the stylomandibular ligament
4
which number is the joint capsule
1
which number is the sphenomandibular ligament
2
which number is the lingula over mandibular foramen
3
which number is the spine of the sphenoid bone
4
which number is the styloid process of the temporal bone
5
which number is the stylomandibular ligament
6
which number is the angle of the mandible
7