Environment Quiz 1

sans-serif

What font should be on signs?

• Characters should be raised at least 1/32 inch

• Raised characters should be between 5/8 and 2 inches tall

On signs, what height should characters be and what height should raised characters be?

curb cuts

used to help people get on and off sidewalks

rise/run (length)

slope =

1:50 (1 inch rise, 50 inches length)

What is the maximum slope allowed to be?

It tells you what ratio of slope you are measuring (can be 1:10, 1:12, 1:20, 1:50)

What does the magic slope block do?

a level

What is used along with the magic slope block when measuring slope?

36 inches wide

How wide must the curb cut be? (middle part; level at the ground)

no greater than 1:10

What must the slope of flared sides on a curb cut be?

a barrier to prevent side-traffic into the cut

If there are no flared sides on the curb cut, what must there be?

1:12

What slope ratio must most entrances to buildings have?

2

For large parking lots, appproximately _% of total spots must be handicapped.

perpendicular

Gratings should be _________ to the direction of travel.

1/2

Smaller dimension of grating should be no more than __ inch(es).

beveled

Level changes more than between ¼ to ½ inch, it must be ________. (allows for smooth transition)

30×48

Freestanding water fountains and telephones must have clear floor spaces at least _x_ inches to allow parallel approach.

1:12 or less

What are the requirements for slope for ramps?

30

Ramps must have no rise of more than ____ inches in a single run.

You need a 5×5ft square to make the turn and split up the ramp, making it less steep.

What do you need to do if your ramp has a rise of more than 30 inches in a single run?

no more than 1:50

For ramps, what can your cross-slope be?

rounded or have a smooth return to the wall, ground, or post

What should the ends of railings look like?

between 1 ¼ and 1 ½ inches or provide equivalent gripping surface

What should the diameter of the handrail be between?

1 ½

Wall mounted handrails should be exactly _____ inches from the wall

riser

height difference between two steps

tread

surface of the step

flight

all of the steps in a single run of stairs

a solid surface is linking the two steps together

Risers on stairs should be closed. What does that mean?

riser height and tread width

In a flight of stairs, what two things should be uniform?

nosing

the part of the tread of one step that extends beyond the riser of the stair just below

1 ½

Nosings on stairs should project no more than ____ inches.

48

When two doorways are used in a series, the space between should be at least __ inches plus the width of the door.

1) operable with one hand

2) operable without tight grasping or twisting of the wrist

How should a door be operable? (two factors)

5

Interior doors should require no more than __ pounds of force to open.

60×20

If the route (lobby or corridor) is less than 60 inches wide, it must have passing spaces __x__ at no more than 200 foot intervals.

3

Elevator doors should remain open for a minimum of __ seconds.

72, 2.5

A visible signal in an elevator should be mounted at least ___ inches above the floor.

• should be at least __ inches in the smallest dimension

• visible from the call button location

a raised star

What should the main floor in an elevator be indicated by?

a visual signal

What should all floor buttons in an elevator have to indicate when they are pushed?

48

All floor buttons should be no more than __ inches above the floor in an elevator.

60

Toilet stalls must be at least ___ inches wide.

56

For wall mounted toilets, stall must be at least __ inches deep.

59

For floor mounted toilets, stall must be at least __ inches deep.

17

Urinals must have an elongated rim no more than __ inches above the floor.

30×48

Urinals must have clear floor space at least __x__ inches to allow forward approach

36, 12

If the toilet is not mounted in a stall, the back grab bar should be at least __ inches long, extending at least __ inches from the center line of the toilet.

42, 54

The side bar in a toilet stall should be at least __ inches long with a front end at least __ inches from the back wall.

33, 36

The side grab bar in a toilet stall should be mounted between __ and __ inches above the floor.

1 1/4, 1 1/2

The diameter of a grab bar should be between ____and ____ inches, or shaped to provide an equivalent gripping surface

30, 34

Counters should have at least one ___ inch section that is no more than ___ inches above the ground.

30, 19

Counters should have a least one 30 inch section. This section must be __ inches wide and __ inches deep knee clear space beneath.

2

The counter and supporting space should be no more than __ inches thick.

19

30×48 inch clear floor space at the counter

No more than __ of the 48 inches can extend under the counter.

universal design

the concept that products and environment should be usable to the greatest extent possible by the greatest number of people

• The product is made so that it is easier for everyone to use

universal design

What are these examples of?

• rain boots with loops

• sliding automatic doors at grocery stores

adaptive equipment

designed to address a specific need of a specific person or population

ex. long-handled shoe horn

assistive technology

any piece of equipment that makes living easier

assistive technology

What are these examples of?

• walker

• chair lift

• cane

• computer

• automatic shutoff devices

physiological basis

things that affect the physiology of the body

• ex. getting tired easily, sweating a lot

Human Environments

Humans can interact with these environments and in these environments.

Non-Human Environments

• Humans have never gone here.

• Life is not possible to sustain.

• ex. space, parts of the ocean

1) Equitable Use

2) Flexibility in Use

3) Simple and Intuitive

4) Perceptible Information

5) Tolerance for Error

6) Low Physical Effort

7) Appropriate size and space for approach

What are the 7 principles of universal design?

1) Discover

2) Define

3) Develop

4) Deliver

What are the 4 steps of the Universal Design Process?

Discover

step of the universal design process:

• What are the issues/problems?

Define

step of the universal design process:

• come up with options to solve the problem(s)

Develop

step of the universal design process:

• the How, develop the solution

Deliver

step of the universal design process:

• put the solution into play

universal design

addresses barriers in the environment and who these barriers affect

affordances

things that allow you to navigate in an environment

• can be audio, visual, etc.

• ex. on a train, signs and audios are telling you where the train is going next

team

people with the skills and experiences that fit the context

prototype

the first design/product

• used for a trial (test run)

equitable use

principle of universal design:

• accommodates a wide variety of preferences and diverse abilities

• appealing to all users (varying abilities)

flexibility in use

principle of universal design:

• lets people use the product in different ways (methods), depending on what works best for them

• design is forgiving

simple and intuitive

principle of universal design:

• design is easy to understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level

• assembling and operating

• effective prompting and feedback

perceptible information

principle of universal design:

• has features that aid in understanding

• clear instructions and information

tolerance for error

principle of universal design:

• hazards or unintentional errors are minimized by the design

• discourages unconscious actions when vigilance is required

low physical effort

principle of universal design:

• Design can be used efficiently, comfortably, and with a minimum of fatigue

• Low need for repetitive movements

• Neutral body posture

• Reasonable force

appropriate size and space for approach

principle of universal design:

• Provides a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user

• Make the reach to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user.

• Accommodate variations in hand and grip size

• Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance

  
  

No, it is a concept/philosophy

*Some products are good examples of UD, while others are not.

Is Universal Design a law?

Medicare

health insurance coverage for people 65+

Medicaid

health insurance for low-income people and people with disabilities

Disability

has or has a record of having a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life functions

funding

Medicare and Medicaid are examples of ________ laws?

permanent

Disabilities are _______ in nature.

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Rehab Act

Americans with Disabilities Act

ADA

They are both laws that provide civil rights for individuals with disabilities, including equal employment, access to buildings, services, and programs

What do the Rehab Act and the ADA both do?

The Rehab Act covers entities that receive federal funding for the majority of their operations. The ADA covers public entities like hospitals, post offices, libraries, etc.

What is the difference between the Rehab Act and ADA?

government websites, federal agencies, public transportation, hospitals or clinics receiving federal funding, universities, public schools

What are some examples of federally funded entities provided by the Rehab Act?

Prohibits discrimination against otherwise qualified individuals for employment in federal positions

simpler: Stops the government from unfairly denying jobs to people with disabilities if they can do the work.

Section 501 of Rehab Act

Prevents federal agencies, public universities, and other public institutions receiving any federal funds from discriminating on the basis of disability

• Includes public elementary and high schools

• Can cover private schools since most receive federal funding

• Provides access to education (accommodations not modifications)

Section 504 of Rehab Act

Requires electronic and information technology be accessible

Section 508 of Rehab Act

ADA

a law that protects the rights of people with disabilities by making sure they have the same chances as everyone else to get jobs, buy things, and take part in government programs and services

Title I: Employment

Title II: Public Services: State and Local Government

Title III: Public Accommodations and Services Operated by Private Entities

Title IV: Telecommunications

Title V: Miscellaneous Provisions

What are the 5 titles of the ADA?

• same employment opportunities and benefits available to people without disabilities

• applies to employers with 15 or more employees

• reasonable accommodations to qualified applicants or employees - no undue harm (no cause of harm for the business)

• defines disability, establishes guidelines for the reasonable accommodation process, and addresses medical examinations and inquiries

• regulated and enforced by the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

ADA Title I

ADA Title I: Employment

protects qualified individuals with disabilities from job discrimination and requires employers with 15 or more employees to provide reasonable accommodations

• Prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability by “public entities” such as state and local government agencies

• Requires public entities to make their programs, services, and activities accessible to individuals with disabilities (ex. Meals on Wheels service, people who take older people or people with disabilities to get their groceries)

• Outlines requirements for self-evaluation and planning; making reasonable modifications to policies, practices, and procedures where necessary to avoid discrimination; identifying architectural barriers; and communicating effectively with people with hearing, vision, and speech disabilities

• Regulated and enforced by the US Department of Justice

ADA Title II

ADA Title II: Public Services: State and Local Government

requires state and local governments to give people with disabilities equal access to services, programs, and activities, including public transportation

• Prohibits places of public accommodation from discriminating against individuals with disabilities

  • Include privately owned, leased or operated facilities like hotels, restaurants, retail merchants, doctor’s offices, golf courses, private schools, day care centers, health clubs, sports stadiums, movie theaters, etc.

• Sets the minimum standards for accessibility for alterations and new construction of commercial facilities and privately owned public accommodations.

  • also requires public accommodations to remove barriers in existing buildings where it is easy to do so without much difficulty or expense.

• Directs businesses to make "reasonable modifications" to their usual ways of doing things when serving people with disabilities.

ADA Title III

ADA Title III: Public Accommodations and Services Operated by Private Entities

requires public places like stores, restaurants, and theaters to be accessible to people with disabilities and prohibits discrimination in these places

• Requires telephone and internet companies to provide a nationwide system of interstate and intrastate telecommunications relay services that allows individuals with hearing or speech disabilities to communicate over the telephone

  • Ex. a program that writes down the conversation you have on the phone so you can see the words (for hearing impaired)

• Requires closed captioning of federally funded public service announcements

ADA Title IV